نقش فناوری بلاک‌چین در رفع چالش‌های مبادلات زنجیره تأمین: بایسته‌ها و سیاستگذاری‌ها
محورهای موضوعی : سیاست‌گذاری و اجرای کاربرد توسعه پایدار در همه زمینه‌ها
علی اکبر فرحزادی
1
(دانشگاه علوم قضایی)
مهدی ناصر
2
(دانشگاه علوم قضایی )
کلید واژه: زنجیره تأمین فناوری بلاک‌چین چالش‌ها و راهکارها سیاست‌گذاری تقنینی و اجرایی مبادلات بین‌المللی,
چکیده مقاله :
زنجیره تأمین به فرایند تولید، مونتاژ، ترانزیت و وصول کالا به دست مصرف‌کننده اطلاق می‌گردد که نقشی حیاتی در توسعه اقتصاد دارد. این حوزه در مسیر توسعه با چالش‌هایی از جمله عدم وجود شفافیت در شناسایی منبع تهیه یا توزیع کالاهای تجاری، عدم وجود امنیت مبادلاتی یا ایجاد تنش در قراردادهای تجار و مصرف‌کنندگان مواجه است. پیاده‌سازی فناوری بلاک‌چین می‌تواند به‌عنوان راه‌حلی مناسب جهت حل چالش‌های مذکور باشد. این بستر با برخورداری از ویژگی شفافیت، وجود مکانیسم‌های پیشگیری از وقوع یا حل آنلاین اختلافات و حذف واسطه‌های مالی در تراکنش‌های الکترونیکی امکان دستیابی به اهداف مقرر را فراهم می‌آورد. اما پیاده‌سازی آن در هر نظام با چالش‌هایی از جمله مقیاس‌پذیری، قابلیت اتصال، استانداردسازی و برخی چالش‌های حقوقی مواجه است که حل آن چالش‌ها نیازمند سیاست‌گذاری تقنینی و اجرایی از جمله بکارگیری ابزارهای دیجیتالی کارآمد، اعتبارسنجی آنها و پیش‌بینی تشریفات برقراری بسترهای نامتمرکز و نهادهای صلاحیت‌دار جهت نظارت بر روند صحیح امور می‌باشد. مقاله حاضر پس از تبیین مقدمه و مفهوم‌شناسی بلاک‌چین (گفتار اول و دوم)، به تفصیل چالش‌های زنجیره تأمین در حوزه مبادلات بازرگانی و بیان ویژگی‌های کاربردی بلاک‌چین در حل این چالش‌ها پرداخته است. (گفتار سوم و چهارم) پس از آن، این پژوهش با بررسی چالش‌های پیش روی این بستر در به‌کارگیری آن در زنجیره تأمین و ارائه توصیه‌های سیاست‌گذارانه، سعی در بهبود روند بهره‌برداری از این فناوری در حوزه زنجیره تأمین داشته است.
Supply chain refers to the process of production, assembly, transit and receipt of goods by the consumer, which plays a vital role in the development of the economy. This area faces challenges in the development path, such as lack of transparency in identifying the source of supply or distribution of commercial goods, lack of exchange security or creating tension in the contracts of traders and consumers. Implementation of blockchain technology can be a suitable solution to solve these challenges. This platform with the feature of transparency, the existence of mechanisms to prevent the occurrence or online resolution of disputes and the elimination of financial intermediaries in electronic transactions makes it possible to achieve the set goals. But its implementation in any system faces challenges such as scalability, connectivity, standardization, and some legal challenges, the solution of which requires legislative and executive policy, including the use of efficient digital tools, their validation, and the establishment of formalities. Decentralized platforms and competent institutions to monitor the proper course of affairs. After explaining the introduction and concept of blockchain (first and second speeches), the present article details the supply chain challenges in the field of trade and expresses the practical features of blockchain in solving these challenges. After that, this study has tried to improve the process of exploiting this technology in the field of supply chain by examining the challenges facing this platform in its application in the supply chain and providing policy recommendations.
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