مروری سیستماتیک بر عوامل اقتصادی مؤثر بر کارآفرینی
محورهای موضوعی : مديريت دانش
امینه زیوری
1
(دانشگاه گنبدکاووس)
محسن محمدی خیاره
2
(دانشگاه گنبدکاووس)
رضا مظهری
3
(دانشگاه گنبدکاووس)
کلید واژه: کارآفرینی عوامل سمت عرضه عوامل سمت تقاضا توسعه اقتصادی محیط اقتصاد کلان تأمین مالی,
چکیده مقاله :
در ادبیات موجود کارآفرینی، رویکردهای مختلفی درخصوص تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه وجود دارد که دلیل آن‌را می‌توان در رشته‌های مختلف علوم مورد بررسی قرار داد. به‌عنوان یک مطالعه بین رشته‌ای، کارآفرینی متشکل از جنبه‌های پژوهش‌های اقتصادی، تاریخی، روان‌شناسی، سیاسی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی است. همه‌ی این پژوهش‌ها از نقطه‌نظرها و جنبه‌های مختلفی بر کارآفرینی تمرکز می‌کنند. از آنجایی‌که کارآفرینی به‌عنوان ابزاری مناسب برای تحریک و رشد اقتصادی شناخته شده است، شناسایی عوامل تعیین‌کننده فعالیت کارآفرینی امکان می‌دهد تا سیاست‌های مناسب برای افزایش بهره‌وری و رشد اقتصادی در یک اقتصاد طراحی شود. به دلیل گستردگی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه، پژوهش‌های متعددی از جنبه‌های مختلفی عوامل مؤثر بر آن را مورد مطالعه قرار داده‌اند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اقتصادی مؤثر بر کارآفرینی در سطح کلان است که با توجه به ادبیات موجود در این زمینه تأثیرگذاری بیشتری را نسبت به سایر عوامل دارد. در این پژوهش برای بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه از روش مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات استفاده شده است. در نهایت منابع گردآوری شده در دو دسته فاکتورهای سمت عرضه و سمت تقاضا دسته‌بندی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل مورد بررسی در طرف عرضه شامل توسعه اقتصادی، توسعه فناورانه، جهانی‌شدن، سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی و توسعه مالی است و فاکتورهای طرف تقاضا شامل تحصیلات، رشد جمعیت، تراکم جمعیت، سطح درآمد، شکاف درآمدی، دسترسی به تأمین مالی، مالیات، قوانین انعطاف‌ناپذیر بازار کار، ساختار سیاسی، مهاجرت، نرخ بیکاری، ویژگی‌های نهادی و محیط اقتصاد کلان می‌باشد.
In the existing literature on entrepreneurship, there are various approaches to determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial activities, which can be explained in various disciplines of science. As an interdisciplinary study, entrepreneurship consists of aspects of economic, historical, psychological, political, social and cultural studies. All of these studies focus on entrepreneurship from different points of views. Since, entrepreneurship is recognized as an appropriate tool for stimulating economic growth, increasing innovation and productivity and reduction of poverty, identification of determinants of entrepreneurial activity allows to design appropriate policies for increasing productivity and economic growth in a single economy. Due to the wide range of effective factors on entrepreneurial activities among countries, several studies have examined various effective factors. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic factors affecting entrepreneurial activities at the macro level, which, given the literature available in this field, has a greater impact than other factors. The present study was conducted using descriptive analysis, literature reviews and library resources such as books and theoretical and applied entrepreneurship papers. Finally, the collected resources were classified into two categories of supply and demand factors. The factors on the supply side include economic development, technological development, globalization, direct foreign investment and financial development, and demand factors include education, population growth, population density, income level, income gap, access to finance, Tax, labor market flexibility rules, political structure, immigration, unemployment rate, institutional characteristics and macroeconomic environment.
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