List of articles (by subject) Science and Technology Parks and Incubators
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Open Access Article
1 - Introduce and Using the Approach of Positive Deviance in Identifying Potentials for Performance Improvement of the Tenants of Yazd Science and Technology Park
Mohammad Saleh Oliua Ali Haji Gholam Sayazdi Abbas Zareu Benadkoki Shahram Shokohi Daruosh PourserahianIn Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. MoreIn Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. In this research, Positive Deviants (Problem Solving Technique identified in 1990) has been used to achieve the main factors of prosperity of such bold tenants and try in recognizing solutions for distributing them to others. This research has been done in Information and Communication Incubators of Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). By four essential and methodological phases, “Define”, “Determine”, “Discover”, and “Design”, Implemented solutions and behaviors of prosperous tenants to overcome difficulties and enhance developments have been recognized. Besides, using the technique “House of Quality” some findings and solutions (by changes in key processes of YSTP) is suggested to generalize the research results to other tenants. Finally, some recommendations have been added to this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Explanation of the Structural Model of the Impact of Technology Attributes on Technology Commercialization from the Viewpoint of the Managers of Knowledge-based Companies Case study: Guilan Science&Technology Park
Mohammad Taleghani Mehrdad Godarzvand Chegini Bahareh PourmoradiTechnology Commercialization plays an important role in improving society welfare. Moreover, to be eligible, a company must meet all criteria and features in supplying a new product to the market. A technology should have diverse unique features in order to attract cust MoreTechnology Commercialization plays an important role in improving society welfare. Moreover, to be eligible, a company must meet all criteria and features in supplying a new product to the market. A technology should have diverse unique features in order to attract customers attention and be a great market potential for its product or service. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of technology features on technology commercialization. According to the innovation diffusion theory, technology features conclude innovation, publicity, simplicity and consistency. The questionnaires were distributed among 130 SME’s of Guilan Science and Technology Park. Among the 130 questionnaires, 97 questionnaires were answered; therefore the final evaluation has been accomplished based on 97 questionnaires. In addition to the confirmation of extracted model, research results showed that each of the relevant variables directly affects the technology commercialization. According to the results, the most effective factors on technology commercialization relate to the variables such as consistency and simplicity while publicity and innovation are on the next level of importance. The results also prove the effect of technology features on market potential and the effect of on market potential on commercialization. In conclusion, there is a direct, positive and significant relation between technology attributes and market potential, but the impact of technology features on commercialization occurs indirectly as an intermediate structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Performance Evaluation of Iranian Science Parks Based on Presence of the Science Park in the Region
Fatemeh Ramezani Hassanali Aghajani Abdolhamid Safaei GhadikalaeiScience parks (SPs) are organizations bringing research and industry. Their aim is to promote culture of innovation of their associated businesses and knowledge-based institution. Given the increasing number of SPs that are being set out both in highly industrialized as MoreScience parks (SPs) are organizations bringing research and industry. Their aim is to promote culture of innovation of their associated businesses and knowledge-based institution. Given the increasing number of SPs that are being set out both in highly industrialized as well as developing countries, the problem of measuring the performance of science parks is becoming paramount both in practiontoners and academicians agenda. The present work is aimed at evaluating Iranian SPs that are members of IASP based on criteria the repercussion of the science park in the territory. Performance criteria that used are networking, convention and collaboration stipulated between science park lab’s and local firms, new products and processes adopted by local firms and developed by the collaboration with the science park, number of firms born by the collaboration with the science park within re-industrializations programmes of abandoned industrial areas, number of workers employed in firms originated from the collaboration with science park and number of environmental improvement carried out in collaboration with science park’s lab. In This study these criteria are localized based on Iranian SPs circumstances. FAHP is applied to determine the relative weights of the evaluation criteria and FTOPSIS is applied to rank the alternatives. Science parks’ rank order of performance in these criteria is as follows: Isfahan STP> Fars STP> Khorasan STP> University of Tehran STP> Arac STP> Persian Gulf STP> Pardis STP> East Azarbaijan STP> Yazd STP> Guilan STP> Kerman STP> Hamedan STP> Kermanshah STP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation Effects of Science and Technology Park on Economic Development
Ramezanali Shourmij Mahsa AsadiDifferent researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative a MoreDifferent researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative and our objective is practical implemented by correlation method. Statistical population of survey contains all companies in Isfahan STP and 75 companies were estimated as the sample size using Cochran formula and the samples were selected randomly. The main tool of research was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and reliability of research confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85). The results showed that the most important the effect of STP on local economic development is the development of marketing services and improving economic situation of the company, the increased level of service is another effect. The exploratory factor analysis was utilized in the classification of effects and the results showed that five factors are accounted for 58/37%of features and the effects of STP. These effects include the production-market (31/02%), capital investments (7/49%), service (7/29%), education-counseling (7/11%), and communication (5/35%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Ranking of Effective Factors on Promoting Innovation Companies in Incubators, Using Fuzzy Topsis Technique; Case Study: Yazd Science and Technology Park
Seyed Habibollah Mirghafori Hosein Sayadi Toranloo Maryam KariminiaIn modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore MoreIn modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore the aim of this research is to identify and rank effective factors improving innovation in companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). In order to identify effective indexes on improving innovation, update articles have been studied and experts' ideas in the field of technology were used from which thirty seven indexes were confirmed by experts. After designing questioners out of available indexes and content and face validity confirmation by experts, questioners were distributed among the managers and staffs of companies in YSTP. 200 questioners were corrected completely and achieved data were analyzed by Fuzzy Topsis Technique. Based on this, thirty seven indexes in questioners were ranked in terms of their importance regarding given responses by companies' managers and staffs. Earning knowledge and new information and accessibility of advanced technologies were identified as the most important effective factors in improving innovation in companies in YSTP incubators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Achieving Performance Measurement Framework for Science and Technology Parks
Saeed Shadanperformance measurement system has a critical role in organizations, since the system can demonstrate how much an organization achieves its objectives and specifies the areas that need improvement and consequently managers can make necessary reformation programs to impr Moreperformance measurement system has a critical role in organizations, since the system can demonstrate how much an organization achieves its objectives and specifies the areas that need improvement and consequently managers can make necessary reformation programs to improve their organizational performance. Science and Technology Parks as structures which follow promotion and innovation locally as well as nationally are also deprived of a standardized method to measure their success or failure; a specific and formal performance measurement method that is based on a specific analyzing framework and able to evaluate the performance of Science and Technology Parks. Extracting science and technology parks’ characteristics and the performance measurement systems from literature, we offer a performance measurement framework contained six components including identity and legal structure of Park; main stakeholders’ expectations; expectations from stakeholders; managers’ commitment and proficiency; interactions with universities, research institutions and industries; and finally Park’s real mission and strategies. The latter is the reflection of other components producing performance measures. This framework can be utilized to evaluate the performance of Iran’s as well other Science and Technology Parks outside. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Managing the Stakeholders Network in Technology Business Incubators
Hasan KIhakbaz Jafar EyvazzpourThe Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) provide an effective means to link technology, capital and know-how in order to accelerate the development of new technology-based companies, leverage entrepreneurial talent, and thus speed the exploitation of technology. The TB MoreThe Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) provide an effective means to link technology, capital and know-how in order to accelerate the development of new technology-based companies, leverage entrepreneurial talent, and thus speed the exploitation of technology. The TBIs assist emerging businesses through an array of business support services, developed by incubator management such as assistance in developing business and marketing plans, building management teams, obtaining capital, and ease of access to a range of other more specialized professional services. In addition, incubators provide flexible space, shared equipment, and administrative services. Therefore, the TBI goal is to produce successful firms that will leave the incubator financially viable and freestanding. To address this goal, involvement and support of stakeholders, consisting of sponsors drawn from the local business community, government, the broader community, venture capital providers, technopreneurs, incubator managers and staff are vital. The stakeholders in an incubator will help sustain its financing, offer assistance to its client companies, serve on governing boards, and play generally a key role in the incubator's success. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reason for involving stakeholders in TBI management and necessity of establishing a healthy relationship with them, based on an appropriate set of expectations regarding the nature of the relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Site Selection of Science and Technology Clusters by AHP Method and Using GIS (Case Study: Yazd Science and Technology Cluster)
Hosein Rahimi Masoud NiksiratThe establishment of each urban element in the specific location of the city follows special principles that if these principles to be considered well, will lead to the success and functional efficiency of that element in that specific location. In this context, the sel MoreThe establishment of each urban element in the specific location of the city follows special principles that if these principles to be considered well, will lead to the success and functional efficiency of that element in that specific location. In this context, the selection of a suitable location for the establishment of science and technology cluster as one of the urban distinctive elements has significant importance since those contain scientific, industrial, manufacturing, laboratory, research facilities, infrastructure and communication environments, institutions, individuals, and information based on creativity and innovation. Therefore, the present study was conducted aimed to find the most suitable location for the establishment of Yazd science and technology cluster. For this purpose after the study of global experiences and regulations and upstream documentation the requirements and necessities Clusters Site Selection were identified. Then, the effective parameters in two levels of main indicators and sub-indicators according to the Analytical Hierarchy Process Model were classified. Then, receiving information according to the experts, managers and professionals ideas analyzed by the Super Decision software and weight of the indicators was determined. In the next step, the satellite image of study area was prepared and using GIS, attempted for preparation of data layers based on requirements that come from the results of questionnaire and interviews. To achieve the final map that is obtained by overlaying weighted maps, first the importance of data layers in terms of distance has been determined and then using layers overlap method, Suitable location for the establishment of Yazd Science and Technology cluster has been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators with a Global Perspective
Majid SoleymaniScientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reach MoreScientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reaching the country's development objectives, the role of universities and research centers in establishing social institutions and foundations which are in deal with such centers, is highly effective. Comprehensive and expanded protection of policymakers and officials from science and technology development centers and parks in addition to adopting new managing methods, would lay the necessary grounds for achieving the associated objectives. It is obvious that filling the existing gap between universities and other sectors such as industry, agriculture, health, etc, As well as transfer of knowledge and technology through such centers would be facilitated. That is, the science and technology parks accelerate the economic knowledge-based growth and development. Science and technology parks as research and development units can solve lots of existing problems and improve the situation and condition. With a glance to some of the units' activities it can be grasped that they have not been fully utilized yet. From many important factors, the lack of sound resource and facilitates distribution based on priorities, and lack of required decision adoption by innovation and technology policy makers and planners, different communication, law, and regulation problems lead to lack of suitable utilization. One of the patterns which presented for solving such a problem is the utilization of intermediary organizations and institutions in the cycle of the research to the market which could be realigned through establishing science and technology parks. Science and technology parks play essential role in creating and developing technology institution and professional research centers. Farther more, such R&D units would facilitate the aggregation and technical cooperation with its complimentary units such as engineering services companies, engineering and designing institutes, and professional research centers. Also, it provides suitable connection for funding and addressing the groups adjusted with R&D activities. This article by mentioning the establishment and characteristics of Iranian science and technology parks, explains the general situation of such centers are explained based on geographical conditions and establishing bodies as well as the numerous of center categorized based on dependence type and their different activities and international organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of the Success Rate of Technology Units Located in Science and Technology Parks and Incubators
Alireza Motmany Mohammad Hoseinabadi Amin HemmatiKnowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business e MoreKnowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business environment. A successful factor for these companies can be their involvement in science and technology parks and incubators. These parks and incubators can be considered as key infrastructures providing legal and commercial supports for these companies for leading them to success. This study aims at determining the success rate of knowledge-based firms located in science and technology parks or incubators. It also targets eliciting the correlation between the success of these companies and their number of employees. The correlation between their success and the time period during which these companies are residing at parks or incubators will also be investigated. The study will be based on a questionnaire survey on the statistical population of science and technology parks in Iran in 2010. The data collected from the current 758 tenants has been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the success rate of target companies was 68%. The chi-square test shows that the rates of success are not equal in different science and technology parks. The average numbers of workers in successful and unsuccessful tenants have been 5 and 2.8 respectively. The analysis of variance also shows the average numbers of workers are not equal in different science and technology parks. By using the chi-square test, the relationship between the number of employees and success is significant; and by increasing the number of workers, the rate of success in tenants has increased. The average duration of time within which tenants have been residing at parks or incubators has been 22 months. The chi-square test confirmed a significant relationship between their duration of stay and the success rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Optimization of Queueing System for Obtaining the Initial and Final Permission for STPs and Incubators Office
Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh NeyshabooryOne of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behavio MoreOne of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behaviour recognition, identification of the distributions and the parameters, simulation, and at the end presenting an appropriate solution that fulfills the desired goals to determine the optimum capacity. One of the problems of our country is that because of long queues and input rate to servers, the processes of administrative activities take a long time to complete. In this paper the process of obtaining the principled and decisive permitions from the Ministry of the sciences, research and technology to establish a science and technology park or an incubator (that takes a relatively long time) is being surveyed and analyzed. After analyzing and reviewing the different scenarios of assigning employees to the proper cases, we concluded that the assigment of 3 experts for principled cases and 5 experts for decisive cases results in lower average waiting time of the customers in queue (wq) and the average number of people in queue (Lq) in comparison to the two other alternatives under the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - SWOT table for science and technology parks to choose the best strategy using fuzzy ANP
Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh NeyshabooryOrganizations have always taken of internal and external factors and are trying to influence their strategies based on these factors must be designed and implemented. Since science and technology parks and incubators as the interface between universities and industry ar MoreOrganizations have always taken of internal and external factors and are trying to influence their strategies based on these factors must be designed and implemented. Since science and technology parks and incubators as the interface between universities and industry are often Major role in the development of science and economics play in their countries. Most parks and incubators as governmental science and technology under the government are therefore, these centers can be used as an interface between government, universities and industry to act. The status of science and technology parks and incubators in Iran is much the same way. One of the tools which help organizations to develop these strategies using a SWOT table. Using this table, the strengths and weaknesses in the areas of internal factors, threats and opportunities in different areas of external factors and strategies to be formulated. The best strategy for the design of these strategies should be selected. Achieving For best strategy, first strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities are determined. Then seven strategies for attaining goals in science and technology parks are chosen. This paper is the use of efficient tools for multi-criteria decision making, network analysis phase of the process to select the best strategy. Finally, the various strategies discussed and comparative tables, strategy development agreement between the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and Health industries and banks, supporting professionals was selected as the best strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Identification and prioritization of critical success factor of Khorasan Razavis Science and Technology Park
Arman Bahari Behnush Mody Noormohammad Yaughobi Seyed Hasan Alamolhodaeiscience and technology parks , as one of the effective structures in development of technology and as a consequence, development of knowledge-based economy and professional employment has been considered by many countries. The goal of many of these new structures, is o Morescience and technology parks , as one of the effective structures in development of technology and as a consequence, development of knowledge-based economy and professional employment has been considered by many countries. The goal of many of these new structures, is organizing an active environment for creation or development of technology chains for research product-orientation , developing fields as result of group work and supporting purposeful activities of researchers, innovators and companies working in selected fields of technology. On the other hand, each organization , in order to achieve its goals, requires factors which must necessarily provide them. In fact for each organization, there are fields of activity which must perform them in the best way , in order to achieve its defined goals. These factors, which are called critical success factors in management literature, are inseparable components of organization success in achieving goals. Science and technology parks, similar to other organizations or institutes, need to provide these factors in order to achieve their goals. The purpose of this research is to identify these factors for science and technology parks of khorasan razavi and specify their relative priority from experts point of view who are familiar with topics related to scientific parks. For this purpose, after interviewing with experts in this park, 48 factors were identified and categorized in 4 groups. In the next step, these factors were compared by experts and after analyzing the results, their priority in each group as well as their overall ranking was presented by using Friedman test which is as following: supporting factors of knowledge-based institutions in order to produce technology, human resource factors, factors related to development of technology s Infrastructure , factors related to development of centers related to technology . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Recognition and evaluation the critical success factors in Iran Science and Technology Parks in the point of views of some experts
Seyed reza Salami Behnush Mody Mehrdad ShafieiScience and Technology Park as a part of national innovation system and a segment of knowledge based economic development, by providing necessary conditions for marketing researches and by trading the results of the researches, play an effective role in accelerating the MoreScience and Technology Park as a part of national innovation system and a segment of knowledge based economic development, by providing necessary conditions for marketing researches and by trading the results of the researches, play an effective role in accelerating the procedure of transforming the ideas into the products and in developing the technology. For reaching these purposes a science and technology park _just like any other organizations_ necessarily must have some characteristics without which it cannot have an effective function based on requirements and targets. These characteristics are the main elements of a Science and Technology Park in a way that lack of any of them can bar the path of success. In fact these elements are the fundamental parts (unrepeatable ones) that they should have been reached as inductor purposes in order to reach the main purposes. In management literature, these factors are called “critical success factors". In this research after examining the theoretical resources, the critical success factors of science and Technology Park mentioned in twenty eight factors set in four groups consist of: local factors, indicative factors, management factors and social and cultural factors, and then these factors evaluate by experts in mutual comparisons. The results indicate that among these four groups, the management factors are the most important ones and among those reached factors the following are considered to be the most significant factors: having strategy, purposes and definite planes, dominance of managers on discussions about science and technology parks, the existence of political atmosphere for supporting the park and its purposes, defining formal criteria for reception and attendance, evaluating and controlling the activities of resident firms in the park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Determining and Ordering Influent Knowledge Management Success Factors in Science and Technology Parks
Nasibeh Salary Daroush Pouserajian Mohammad Saleh Oliua shahram shokohiThis study aims to determine and prioritize effective KM success factors. The first step is to implement KM in STPs. As regards the major goal of science and technology parks is assisting the growth of society wealth through developing knowledge based innovations and in MoreThis study aims to determine and prioritize effective KM success factors. The first step is to implement KM in STPs. As regards the major goal of science and technology parks is assisting the growth of society wealth through developing knowledge based innovations and intensifying competition among knowledge-based institutions. Assessing knowledge management in science and technology parks will be considered as a substantial tool for creation, development, sharing and linking knowledge to technology. So based on literature studies and experts ideas 31 sub-factors were organized in 7 categories as follows: labor, strategy, supervisor, assessment, culture, operation and information technology. In fact these categories are effective KM success factors which have been weighed and prioritized by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The order of effective KM success factors in terms of importance are labor, strategy, supervision, culture, operation, assessment and information technology. Two sub factors with highest influence on KM have been selected among numerous numbers of factors. Finally this model is applied for evaluating nine incubators in Yazd science and technology park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An analysis of Science & Technology Parks Through the Evaluation Results of K-Based Companies in STPs
Hamid Mahdavi Mahmod Sheykh zeynoddin Leyla KhodabandehEvaluating the performance of the knowledge-based companies settled in science and technology parks is one of the criteria for determining the success rate of these STPs. Promoting the necessary skills in STP managers through the implementation of real and operational p MoreEvaluating the performance of the knowledge-based companies settled in science and technology parks is one of the criteria for determining the success rate of these STPs. Promoting the necessary skills in STP managers through the implementation of real and operational performance assessment systems is the best way for fulfilling this goal. The STPs mission could be achieved through a n integrated chain from research to production. Removing the gap between scientific and research ideas into products and services, directing the knowledge-based companies, meeting the actual needs and providing value-added services to the commercialization stage are the major missions of technology parks. The existence of a model for analyzing the role and the status of effective factors through assessment process is considered as one of the important measures for developing science and technology which has been paid less attention in Iran today. Therefore, there are different items used in assessment procedure including gaining some statistics on technology level, the relationship between the components of science and technology system, the status of intellectual property, cooperation methods between higher education and research centers with industries and organizations, diversity of financial resources and the rate of incomes, attracted investments, the scope of providing services and products, the number of customers and many other factors which are considered in a k-based company as key factors. This paper intends to investigate and present the best assessment and effectiveness evaluation model together with the performance of k-based companies mostly obtained based on the tacit knowledge through ISTT experiences. The objective is to localize executive processes in accordance with the cultural and social structures in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Typology of Science & Technology Parks with Knowledge Management Trend
Saeid Kharghani Mino SelselehLack of integration between research and technology, and the gap between scientific ideas and goods & services, are clear facts of todays life. Developed countries have invited creative solutions to overcome such challenges. Science and Technology parks are among them, MoreLack of integration between research and technology, and the gap between scientific ideas and goods & services, are clear facts of todays life. Developed countries have invited creative solutions to overcome such challenges. Science and Technology parks are among them, which have critical roles in integrating knowledge management loops (including creation, sharing, and applying) in the cycle of knowledge management. Science and Technology parks enable the companies to apply immediately the knowledge which has been created by the knowledge workers and scientists. In this article after reviewing the knowledge management literature, Science and Technology parks typologies is under survey. The relation between this typologies and entrepreneurship and the common points among different Science and Technology Parks are the next points. The final review is about the outcomes of applying knowledge management procedure in the Science and Technology parks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Developing a Framework for Evaluation of Incubators Performance
Hassanali Aghajani Autefeh TalebzadehBusiness incubators are now recognized in both developed and developing countries as important instruments for promoting entrepreneurship development and technological innovation, specialy at the small and medium enterprise level. Development and proliferation of busine MoreBusiness incubators are now recognized in both developed and developing countries as important instruments for promoting entrepreneurship development and technological innovation, specialy at the small and medium enterprise level. Development and proliferation of business incubators has generated an intense debate around their performance and usefulness between opponents and advocates of these organizations. Differing in perspectives, researchers have used different groups point of view to evaluate incubators performance. They have also limited their studies to particular type of incubators. Reviewing relevant literature in Iran and the world, this article has provided an integrated multidimensional framework to evaluation of incubators performance. The proposed framework suggests the performance of incubators can be evaluated in four areas: Management and staff, infrastructure, services and outputs. Performance in management and staff can be assessed in terms of management functions and learning and growth, in infrastructure in terms of location and space, and facilities, in service area in terms of business start up and business assistance, and performance in output can be evaluated in terms of business (companies), products (and/or services) and people. To evaluate each area of performance, generic measures have been derived from literature. The proposed framework can be used as a useful tool and a guideline to evaluate incubators performance by their managers, stakeholders and sponsors, particularly in Iran, in order to internal and external benchmarking and rising competition among and promoting competitiveness of incubators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The key factors in the admission process of tenant companies in incubators
Hamid Mahdavi Mahmood Sheykh zeynaddin Fakhreddin Ashrafi zadehThe admission process in ISTT, which has been formed during 6 years, is performed based on three key factors that have been defined in this paper. These factors include a business plan, a technology-based business idea, and the entrepreneurial team. The initial admissio MoreThe admission process in ISTT, which has been formed during 6 years, is performed based on three key factors that have been defined in this paper. These factors include a business plan, a technology-based business idea, and the entrepreneurial team. The initial admission process that was done based on trial and error, is now consist of information, negotiation and interview, filling the forms, consultation, correcting the forms, submission of documents, initial investigation, determining the judges, technical and economic interviews, filling the judgment forms, second investigation, analysis and final decision-making in admission committee. The Admission Committee practices the policies defined by ISTT's scientific council and leads the companies toward ISTT objectives. In all stages of admission and assessment process, there is an atmosphere of training and improving, instead of only competition and selection. Even those companies that will not be accepted in the admission process, they will learn and be guided to remove their shortcomings. In most cases the view of all the members of the admission committee are similar and at the same level, and this makes the final decision making easier. The presence of two judges, one with a technology approach (scientific), and the other with an economic approach (familiar with market), among the members of the committee is a determining factor in selecting applicants for settlement in the incubator. Although this current admission trend is based on the general global experiences of other incubators, it has not drawn directly from a single model. It has been completed gradually based on the realities and conditions of the region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Technology Clusters and their Impacts on the Commercialization of Technology in Iran
Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdozan Maryam EsfandiyariAccording to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a s MoreAccording to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a system for getting to this point In other hand, Technology Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected knowledge-based and innovative companies who work closely with each other, local suppliers, infrastructure providers, educational institutions, and other relevant agencies. Cluster-based development is based on the premise that a company (and their region) can realize higher levels of competitiveness when it looks beyond its own limited capacity and strategically partners with other companies and support institutions to address challenges and solve problems that it is unable to solve when operating as an isolated entity. It is an approach that encourages companies who compete to come together and identify ways in which they can cooperate to their mutual benefit This paper, with a review to basic concepts, presents the main components and requirements of technology clusters along with a compatible model to use it more effectively for commercialization of technology and R&D outcomes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Virtual Science and Technology Park in Iran; an SWOT Analysis
Parya Dolatyabi Abdollah AghaeiIn this paper, a study has been done about concept, implication, and necessity of a virtual science park (VSTP) for Iran. According to the critical success factors of a VSTP, and the presented model for VSTP in Iran together with its prerequisitesstrengths, weaknesses, MoreIn this paper, a study has been done about concept, implication, and necessity of a virtual science park (VSTP) for Iran. According to the critical success factors of a VSTP, and the presented model for VSTP in Iran together with its prerequisitesstrengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that a VSTP in Iran may face, have been identified in the form of an SWOT analysis. Finally, the key development drivers of VSTPs in Iran have been introduced regarding the proposed analysis, in order to be applied by managers and planners of this field in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Conceptual Model of University Incubators
Tayebe NikraftarChange and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on MoreChange and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on. Organizations should start a revolution in their managements and employees mind until the concepts of organization, work and competition basically change in their mind. In this situation we need entrepreneurs that can blow fresh blood in the economic state body through creativity, innovation, stability and self confidence and pacing effective step for solving employment crisis. It is obvious that entrepreneurial university is one of the strategic and key tools for this matter in the higher education level. Entrepreneurship University has made diversity mechanisms such as business incubators, science and technology parks, and entrepreneurship centers and so on for fulfilling their goals. The task of business incubators is to support the university graduates and young entrepreneurs that familiar with new technologies and owning creativity but they are often idle because founding a business by them is not possible without entering a high risk of failure. Business Incubators help these entrepreneurs to pass the primary growth stages and when they acquire the capabilities for activity in market they can leave/graduate the incubator. The concept of business incubator have been reviewed, analysis and habited in our country for some years. The object of this paper is to review the place of university incubators in developing employment and technology transfer. At first we pay attention to relations between the university, incubator and industry. Then we review the role of them in developing and transferring technology and finally we show a conceptual model for University Incubators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Quality Management for Incubators
Alireza FarajiIn this paper some parts of quality standards such as quality management, manual, plan and objectives are reviewed and the implementation, documentation and auditing of quality management system at incubator and its business plan based on ISO 9000 standard are proposed. MoreIn this paper some parts of quality standards such as quality management, manual, plan and objectives are reviewed and the implementation, documentation and auditing of quality management system at incubator and its business plan based on ISO 9000 standard are proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Methodology for Ranking Incubators Using Composite Indicato
hamid Mahdavi MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Ghasem MoslehiIncubators have gained wide reputation in most countries as efficient institutions contributing to regional development and economic growth. They assist their clients through their value-adding services and a wide range of support services and facilities that cannot be MoreIncubators have gained wide reputation in most countries as efficient institutions contributing to regional development and economic growth. They assist their clients through their value-adding services and a wide range of support services and facilities that cannot be easily procured from other sources. The content of these services and the way they are supplied will have important effects on the success of the incubators, and thereby, on the incubators’ performance. Introducing improved incubation models, informing incubators of their distance from acceptable performance norms and models, and disseminating incubators’ success stories among those involved in the industry will be tools that are expected to assist incubator managers to make more informed and enlightened decisions. The use of composite indicators is a simple method of comparing a wide variety of systems under evaluation such as countries and organizations dealing with a multitude of complicated and wide issues including environmental, economic, social, and technological. Normally, the main objective in defining composite indicators is to compare the performance of a group of subjects evaluated along a given dimension. These indicators can also function as useful tools in analyzing policies and in communication of information to the public. In this paper, first, a state-of-the-art account of constructing composite indicators will be presented and then a number of tentative composite indicators will be introduced. Special emphasis will be laid on key performance indicators used in ranking technology incubators with due regard to the Iranian business incubation environment. This study is the first of its kind and is expected to open new avenues to taking effective measures in improving business and technology incubation programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Building and Managing the Constituencies: Requirements and Experiences
Mohammadreza haeri Yazdi Bab Hadestonn this paper the challenges of managing several key constituencies are described. Examples of existing parks are used to illustrate the challenge and to show the problems that were faced and the approaches that were taken to overcome them. Foresight, or similar longer t Moren this paper the challenges of managing several key constituencies are described. Examples of existing parks are used to illustrate the challenge and to show the problems that were faced and the approaches that were taken to overcome them. Foresight, or similar longer term visioning tools are proposed as a strategy to develop the shared vision necessary to sustain efforts over the medium to longer time period. The final section reviews key challenges facing parks with particular emphasis on: the advantages and disadvantages of fiscal incentives the role of regional hubs the widening range of tools that are needed alongside the S&T park to foster knowledgebased businesses the role and contributions that have been made by universities and how can these be expanded in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Iran Science Parks Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: Influences of New Technologies
Seyed Mahbod Tolaei Fataneh Taghi yareh Naser Mausomioday, we are experiencing rapid changes in the information technologies and these new technologies have caused dramatic changes in the economic structure. Most of the businesses are attached to no territory and they can fly and move from one place to another almost with Moreoday, we are experiencing rapid changes in the information technologies and these new technologies have caused dramatic changes in the economic structure. Most of the businesses are attached to no territory and they can fly and move from one place to another almost without any constraints. Those huge bricks and mortar organizations are gradually replacing by clicks and mortar organizations which can fit their main assets in a small briefcase containing a laptop computer and a cell phone. In this paper, we have investigated the influences of these new technologies on the Iranian parks and explained the strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats they are facing with in the new economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Privatization of Incubators; Necessities and Challenges
Alireza FarajiThe most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shap MoreThe most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shaped inside the incubator, financial and moral structure of them is affected with incubator. Verifying this subject with interest to relations between incubator and determinate new units; requirement of incubator to have independence financial resources and to create basis for its own growth and development and experience of successful-abroad-incubators, shows that applyment of private management in state incubators is a favorite strategy to solve a lot of problems; an available and good pattern for determinate units and an optimal structure for incubators management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Technological and science Clusters, as like a General Theorem
Sohrab Del angizanTechnological and science Clustering and Industrial clusters are the newest approach in industrial programming with due attention to geographical spatial. This study has tried to aggregation scattered article in clustering, and we survive consequents of those as like a MoreTechnological and science Clustering and Industrial clusters are the newest approach in industrial programming with due attention to geographical spatial. This study has tried to aggregation scattered article in clustering, and we survive consequents of those as like a general theorem. We try in this article to present several logical statements as like obligations of Technological and science Clustering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators Performance Evaluation
Gholamreza MalekzadehOne of the most important and vital factors for establishing a knowledge based economy is making smart infrastructures. It is obvious that continuous evaluation of performance in these infrastructures is a very important factor. Science &Technology parks and Incubators MoreOne of the most important and vital factors for establishing a knowledge based economy is making smart infrastructures. It is obvious that continuous evaluation of performance in these infrastructures is a very important factor. Science &Technology parks and Incubators are important infrastructures in these processes and continuous evaluation together with monitoring. For evaluation of S&T parks and Incubators, we need to consider: Initiating and formation cycle, goals, functions and actions, services and performance effects evaluation. In this paper we attempt to introduce some relevant parameters and measuring criteria based on experiments and literature review. Outputs, Added Value and best practices in S&T parks and Incubators are the main bases for introducing performance evaluation measurements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Classification and management of incubators: aligning strategic objectives and competitive scope for new business facilitation
Maximilian Fenzedwitz Alireza GharebaghiIncubation has recently attracted increased attention as a model of start-up facilitation. Venture capitalists see incubators as a means to diversify risky investment portfolios, and wouldbe entrepreneurs approach incubators for start-up support. Incubators face the cha MoreIncubation has recently attracted increased attention as a model of start-up facilitation. Venture capitalists see incubators as a means to diversify risky investment portfolios, and wouldbe entrepreneurs approach incubators for start-up support. Incubators face the challenge of managing both investment risks and entrepreneurial risks. More than a thousand incubators have been established in the last few years, most of them as regional business incubators.But new types of incubators are emerging. These incubators pursue different strategic objectives, apply different skills and competencies, and serve different markets. As a consequence, they have developed a new understanding of their sources of competitive advantage and business models. Based on 41 interviews with incubation and R&D managers, this paper outlines five incubator archetypes: the university incubator, the independent commercial incubator, the regional business incubator, the company-internal incubator and the virtual incubator. We describe a generic incubator business model, which is refined for different value propositions to customers and other major stakeholders. We conclude that whether an incubator is for profit or not, it should be run as a business. We also summarise some implications, for operational and strategic management of incubators, as well as policy and strategy consideration for universities, venture capital ties, municipalities, corporations and other parent insituations of incubators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Determining the Priorities in Science Parks by Using Fuzzy DEMATEL Case Study of Sheikh-Bahai Science and Technology Park
mohammad ebrahim sadeghi asghat saud abadi saeed mirza mohammadi Mohammad mahdaviScience parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the develop MoreScience parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the development of knowledge-based companies and identifying the key factors resulting in earning competitive advantages by located firms. After reviewing many researches in this field of study, key effective factors were identified and by using the experts, these factors were revised according to the circumstance of our country and placed in a proper framework. The framework consists of four aspects including: “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, “facilities” and “market development” and twelve factors. The framework applied in Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park and the results obtained showed that in this park, facilities aspect needs special attention. This aspect had the highest significance in quadruple aspects and was the only aspect affecting Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park. Other aspects such as, “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, and “market development” were effects of the aspects. The results of this research show that the development of knowledge based firms located in this park depends on facilities such as financial resources and primary physical infrastructure than human resource, research activities and marketing services. We suggest using this framework to find the aspects and factors influential the creation of competitive advantages and determining the action and planning priorities for other science and technology parks in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Impact of science and technology parks service quality on growth and innovative performance of firms located in parks (Pardis Technology Park Case study)
According to the global approach of knowledge base economy in most countries, the creation of organizations such as science and technology parks seems to be necessary with respect to their influence on the development of science and technology. The main purpose of this MoreAccording to the global approach of knowledge base economy in most countries, the creation of organizations such as science and technology parks seems to be necessary with respect to their influence on the development of science and technology. The main purpose of this study, is to evaluate the impact of service quality provided by science and technology parks on growth and innovative performance of firms located in these parks. This research is an applied one which was conducted as a survey in Pardis Technology Park, as the biggest and most important science and technology park of the country, and with the help of more than 30 managers in active firms of this park. In this research, the Cronbach's alpha and Average Variance Extracted was used to measure reliability and validation. Also, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (First and Second stage), correlation test and path analysis was used for answering the questions. Innovation aspect of the study is a new look to the impact of service quality provided by science and technology parks on growth and innovative performance of independent firms located in these parks. Results indicates that the most important factor for these managers is the reliability of the clients to the park. Park staff empathy with clients is also less important factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Economic impacts of Science and Technology Corridors on regional development, Case study: Silicon Valley
Rohollah Shahnazi Zahra Dehghan ShabaniOne of the strategies with successful experience for many developed countries, based on knowledge-based economy, is the formation and development of science and technology corridors. These areas have a positive impacts on the regional growth that the purpose of this pap MoreOne of the strategies with successful experience for many developed countries, based on knowledge-based economy, is the formation and development of science and technology corridors. These areas have a positive impacts on the regional growth that the purpose of this paper is to determine them. Also in this paper the effects of Silicon Valley, as the first and largest science and technology corridor in the world, on regional growth was evaluated. Theoretical results show the science and technology corridors have positive effects such as solve the problem of small and medium enterprises to improve competitiveness, increase innovation and improve technology, improve entrepreneurship and increase the venture capital. This results in Silicon Valley has been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Role of Science and Technology Diplomacy in Solving Knowledge-based Firms Challenges
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh Mahdi Hajari Hosein EftekhariIn recent years, traditional economy replaced with knowledge-based economy in which knowledge, innovation and technology are key determinants of economic growth and wealth creation for countries. Knowledge-based firms which have important role on GDP growth and added va MoreIn recent years, traditional economy replaced with knowledge-based economy in which knowledge, innovation and technology are key determinants of economic growth and wealth creation for countries. Knowledge-based firms which have important role on GDP growth and added value for countries are known as heart of knowledge-based economy. Therefore, solving Knowledge-based firms challenges become more important in decision and policy making. On the other side, science and technology diplomacy is an emerging form of international diplomacy for facing with challenges which science and technology have important role on them. Science and technology diplomacy means using of science and technology capacities to achieve foreign policy objectives and using of diplomacy capacities to advance science and technology. In this study, knowledge-based economy characteristics’ are reviewed, and then knowledge-based firms challenges in terms of innovation system, weak research and development, disproportionate human resource development, inappropriate economic and commercial environment and sanctions are introduced based on library research. Then, based on latent capacity of science and technology diplomacy, numbers of solutions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Identify and Prioritize Science Parks and Technology Services Offered to Companies Active in the Field of Software Technologies
Saeed Shavalpour Sadegh HosseinZadeh Maleki Mehdi Ghafori Fard Mir Saman PishvaeeFormation of science and technology parks in Iran dates back to more than two decades. However, there are numerous challenges for the mission defined for them; parks cannot significantly give services to companies operating in the country's soft-technology. One of the c MoreFormation of science and technology parks in Iran dates back to more than two decades. However, there are numerous challenges for the mission defined for them; parks cannot significantly give services to companies operating in the country's soft-technology. One of the challenges that science and technology parks in the country are facing is a certain criteria to determine optimum services provided for development of companies operating in the field of software technology. Hence, this research has been trying to examine the various models of science and technology parks global software as well as field study, the opinions of some activists inside the arena, proposals for boosting and developing science and technology and services parks aimed at expanding and upgrading small and medium-sized interpreneurship in the field of software technologies. The process of this study includes reviewing the resources as well as qualitative non-constructive interviews to collect information and also to wrap up the research method of fuzzy decision-making. The results of the present study suggests that basic services, such as low-interest loans, endangers promoting and developing companies, transfer of experience required for companies, including a market analysis and demographic characteristics of their needs for development and success of these companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Site Selection Of Knowledge-Based Town within Tehran
Mehdi Gharakhloo Maryam MousaviTehran Province, containing majority of scientists and researchers, plays a significant role in the development of science and technology in the country. Obviously, this number of scientific potential to flourish needs facilities and infrastructures. One of the most imp MoreTehran Province, containing majority of scientists and researchers, plays a significant role in the development of science and technology in the country. Obviously, this number of scientific potential to flourish needs facilities and infrastructures. One of the most important factors in development of knowledge-based businesses is proportionate physical context of firms. Moreover, proximity of knowledge-based companies to the universities, higher education institutes and industries leads to accelerating transforming knowledge into industrial process. Thus, Tehran Province requires more technology parks and towns than the past, to retain the benefit of its whole scientific potentials. In connection with this, at first, we recognized and ranked effective factors on locating Knowledge-Based Town, then used AHP to give weight to criteria and sub-criteria. In the next step, we applied these weights in GIS software and provided maps which are related to each, in the ARCmap. Then, we identified zoned map of the areas via GIS and overlapped the effective factors on locating town of knowledge, with two priorities in the province, and the result indicated that the first priority was better. After preparing the final map, through the study on areas with priority, we have screened and shown places that the standards are higher for locating KBT on the map. At last, for the best performance, we have paid special attention to factors such as proximity to universities and training centers, proximity to industrial areas, infrastructures and Tehran province’s development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Role of Marketing in SMEs based in East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park
Hossein Abbasi Esfanjani Ommolbanin Asadi GhorbaniIn many countries, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), especially enterprises in science and technology parks act as economic engine and marketing is an important activity in these businesses. But, understand marketing, functions, role and importance of it by man MoreIn many countries, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), especially enterprises in science and technology parks act as economic engine and marketing is an important activity in these businesses. But, understand marketing, functions, role and importance of it by managers / owners of these enterprises and also the questions raised barriers that must be answered to it. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the role of marketing in small and medium enterprises based in East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park has been done. To achieve the research objectives of qualitative approach and case study method was used. The study population consisted of managers / owners of enterprises based in East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park that is using purposive sampling method, 10 samples were selected. Initial data collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the inductive method was used. The results indicate that marketing as a set of activities and measures that are used in large companies, particularly in the studied companies were not understood. However, word of mouth marketing communication, understanding customer needs and having long-term interaction and relationship with the customer was the most important marketing activities and actions that had the most significant role in the growth and survival of them. Most interviewees focus on the daily execution of some tasks limited marketing and implementation of a comprehensive marketing plan for, the expertise and financial resources were not sufficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business (Case Study: Tabarestan Technology Incubator)
mohammad mehdi mardanshahiToday, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of MoreToday, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of information and communication technology in business development has become more evident. Therefore the purpose of this study was to Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business.This research is descriptive-survey based on the method of doing and in terms of target, is functional. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and also its reliability was reported 0/793 (the Cronbach's alpha). The population of this study included 24 managers of Agricultural Knowledge-Based business, based at Tabarestan Technology Incubator. They were selected by Census method. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: a description and analysis was performed using the SPSS21 software. The results showed that Infrastructure factor is the most important component in the development of Information and Communication Technology. The Computers and Internet are the most important of Infrastructure factor and they have a fundamental role in developing business, especially agricultural knowledge-based businesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigating the Factors Effecting the Readiness of Universities to Become the University with the Entrepreneurial Features (Case Study: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad)
fereshte sadeghi yaghoob maharati alireza khorakianToday the successful experience of most developed countries as well as some developing countries in overcoming economic crises through the development of entrepreneurship in those countries has made other countries to pay more attention to entrepreneurship, entrepreneur MoreToday the successful experience of most developed countries as well as some developing countries in overcoming economic crises through the development of entrepreneurship in those countries has made other countries to pay more attention to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs and the formation of innovative businesses. This affects the field of education more than anything else, which has led gradually to change universities towards entrepreneurship. Hence present study is aimed to investigate the factors effecting the readiness of Universities to become the University with the entrepreneurial features in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. According to Morgan table, 114 sample were randomly selected. Face validity were examined with point of view of a number of professors in the Department of Management of Ferdowsi University and construct validity were examined through factor analysis and Cronbach' s alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling analysis and Lisrel software. the results showed that all factors examined in this study i.e. structure, culture, strategy, management and academic links with industry are determinant factors effecting on the readiness of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad to become the University with the entrepreneurial Features But culture and academic links with industry are not very determinant factors. In addition, it was shown that among the investigated factors, organizational structure is the most determinant factor effecting the readiness of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad to become the University with the entre preneurial Features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Impact of Corporate Identity on the Performance of Human Resource of Knowledge-based Companies (Case Study: Isfahan Science and Technology Town)
giti kazemi Mahmoud RafieToday, knowledge-based companies are considered as key elements for domestic production in countries, and also they have responsibility for R & D modeling processing as well; Business development needs special skills and concerning the competitive environment and new id MoreToday, knowledge-based companies are considered as key elements for domestic production in countries, and also they have responsibility for R & D modeling processing as well; Business development needs special skills and concerning the competitive environment and new idea of being k-based in the country, the companies have to develop their services and productions. Considering corporate identity as a strategic tool, it can affect greatly the identity of products and services and also offering them to the customers. Corporate identity help company enhance its efficiency and performance. This study was conducted with the aim to examine the effects of corporate identity on the functionality of Knowledge-based companies settled at Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT). A descriptive correlation approach was used for this purpose. The statistical population contains 345 randomly chosen individuals attained by the use of Cochran’s formula from 850 personnel from knowledge-based companies settled at ISTT. In this study, Corporate Identity and Hersey and Goldsmith (1990) questionnaires were used that incorporated 42 items with 7 dimensions. Content validity was confirmed by the study supervisor and related experts in this field, and the formal validity was confirmed by several persons in the statistical population. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient yielding 0/818 for corporate identity and 0/881 for its functionality. The obtained result indicates that the questionnaire is reliable. A descriptive and inferential analysis was then applied to the collected data. The descriptive analysis included examination of obtained statistical properties including frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation. The inferential analysis included statistical tests which were carried out for the structural equations used in proportion to their amount of data and hypothesizes.The results indicated that there exists a meaningful and positive correlation between corporate identity and the functionality of Knowledge-based companies settled at Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Identifying and Weighting the Factors Affecting the Role of Science and Technology Parks in Developing the National System of Innovation
saeid shavvalpour majid forouzanmehr Hamideh Heidari Ramsheh Masoumeh HesariScience and technology parks are one of the most important innovations of innovational policy and have a special place in the development of the innovation system. System Attitude and Convergent Movement in Technology With the aim and thought of creating a new generatio MoreScience and technology parks are one of the most important innovations of innovational policy and have a special place in the development of the innovation system. System Attitude and Convergent Movement in Technology With the aim and thought of creating a new generation of universities and the scientific system to go to the system of innovation, for convergence should be formed in the country, and if speaking of an entrepreneurial university, along with it, science parks And technology and growth centers are in the innovation system. In this research, achieving success in strengthening the position of science and technology parks in the development of the national innovation system is a major issue. In this regard, more than one hundred agents in seven policy groups, financing research and innovation, providing knowledge in the innovation process, promoting technology entrepreneurship, disseminating and disseminating technology, developing and enhancing human resources, and producing goods and services , The initial identification is placed. The results indicate that policy indicators, funding for research and innovation, providing the necessary knowledge in the innovation process, and promoting technology entrepreneurship account for nearly 75% of the influential factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Influencing Factors on the Development of Incubators of University Technology Units (Case Study: Incubator of Technology Units in Guilan University)
Roozbeh Habibi Zahra Asghari Kamran JafariToday, incubators play a very important role in the economic and industrial development of developed and developing countries. Incubators are designed to support educated entrepreneurs and provide the growth opportunities for new companies by providing them general faci MoreToday, incubators play a very important role in the economic and industrial development of developed and developing countries. Incubators are designed to support educated entrepreneurs and provide the growth opportunities for new companies by providing them general facilities. Identifying and studying the various factors that are affecting the development of entrepreneurship and incubators can be effective in policy making for the promotion of entrepreneurial activities. The present study sought to identify the factors affecting the development of incubators, identifying 36 factors and categorizing them in six categories containing company general characteristics, manpower characteristics, infrastructures, market and competition, financial affairs and environmental factors. The statistical population of the study consists of 6 experts from the incubator of Technology Units of the University of Guilan. Prioritizing 36 factors using the analytic network process methodology indicates that five factors: supporting mechanisms (government and university), the existence of experienced consulting teams, organizational structure of companies based in incubators, the field of activity of these companies and their age have the highest priorities than other factors, in other words, they have the greatest impact on the development of incubators. Of course, given that the prioritization of these factors has been used by experts in the incubator of Technology Units of the University of Guilan, it can not be fully generalized to other Centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Determine Eligibility Criteria and Evaluate the Qualitative Dimension of Mentors in Knowledge Enterprises in Isfahan Province's Scientific and Research Community
Mahdieh mahdikhani Morteza rasti bozorkiToday's organizations operate in a completely challengeable and complex environment. Moreover, they are constantly trying to adopt new approaches to the development, preservation and maintenance of human resources as the most important organizational capital in order to MoreToday's organizations operate in a completely challengeable and complex environment. Moreover, they are constantly trying to adopt new approaches to the development, preservation and maintenance of human resources as the most important organizational capital in order to remain competitive. Mentoring is the art of facilitating the implementation of activities, the process of learning and personal development. In other words, mentoring can be defined as a technique which provides a new approach for organizations in order to conduct human resource in a conventional manner to attain the organization’s goal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mentoring approach and to evaluate the qualitative dimension of mentors in Isfahan Province's scientific and research community. For evaluating the mentors, at first, the protocols related to the assessment and prioritization of values were given to the mentors in order to define the most important factors based on their responses. Based on their opinions and the most significant factors, a questionnaire was developed and the approach was conducted in a sample of 20 manufacturing-service companies in Isfahan. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were verified. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and also the SPSS was used to perform statistical tests. The obtained results prove that the mentors have generally performed at a moderate and good level in the framework of the mentoring approach. According to the single-group t-test, most of the defined factors are convenient in mentors’ performance evaluation in a negligible difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Organizational Competitiveness Model with an Emphasis on Marketing Capabilities and Organizational Innovation in Knowlege-based Companies
Seyed Mohammad Tabataba'i-Nasab Farzaneh dashti khavidaki Roghayeh Mohammadian YazdConstant environmental changes threaten the survival of organizations in various forms. Competitiveness is a key criterion for assessing the degree of success of countries, industries and firms in the competitive, political, economic and commercial fields, which means t MoreConstant environmental changes threaten the survival of organizations in various forms. Competitiveness is a key criterion for assessing the degree of success of countries, industries and firms in the competitive, political, economic and commercial fields, which means that any country, industry or firm with high competitive power in competitive markets, It can be said that it is more competitive. Higher organizational competitiveness is the goal that organizations take to take different measures to achieve it. Also, in the contemporary economy, knowledge is the basis of organizational competitiveness and the most important goals of any economic system are to achieve sustainable economic growth. Knowledge-based companies can play an important role in economic growth. It is true that innovation and competitiveness are their important features. In this research, an integrated model was provided to identify the effective factors of organizational competitiveness and take a step for increasing the recognition of the competitiveness of organizations. For this purpose, 100 questionnaires were distributed among knowledge-based companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park. Data analysis has been done by structural equations modeling, partial least squares method and PLS software. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between marketing capability and organizational competitiveness, as well as a significant relationship between organizational innovation capability and organizational competitiveness. The resalts revealed a significant relationship between market orientation and marketing capabilitiy. Further more, there is a significant relationship between core learning and organizational innovation capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigation and the Role of Cloud Computing in Knowledge-based Companies in Iran
khatereh Esmaeeli ranjbar Mozhdeh SalajeghehCloud computing has emerged as one of the most important discussed topics among Enterprise Information Technology (IT) professionals. Small and medium enterprises with low budget and limited human resources are one of the major groups that tend to use cloud computing fo MoreCloud computing has emerged as one of the most important discussed topics among Enterprise Information Technology (IT) professionals. Small and medium enterprises with low budget and limited human resources are one of the major groups that tend to use cloud computing for achieving the benefit of this technology. A multitude of factors influence the adoption of cloud computing in Knowledge-based companies. These decisive factors must be systematically evaluated before making the decision to adopt cloud-based solutions. The purpose of this study is to identify these factors and Ranking them and determine the extent to which they influence the adoption of cloud computing for Knowledge-based companies . Therefore, the project describes a research model that is based on the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and the technology, organization and environment (TOE) framework. Based on previous study, research model was developed to test Twelve (12) variables. Data was collected by survey questionnaires from a sample of 59 Small and medium enterprises that all of these enterprises were in The Knowledge-based companies. 59 experts and decision makers in information technology department from those Small and medium enterprises were selected to fill the questionnaires. The research methodology was descriptive- survey and SPSS software version 23, Minitab EDI 17 and EXCEL EDI 2013 were used for data analysis. In summary, the results of this research have shown that the innovation of IT decision makers and information intensity have significant influence on adoption of knowledge-based companies with cloud computing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Impact of Essential Capabilities of Marketing on the Performance of Knowledge-Based Enterprises
majid namakian omid ali kahriziAbstract Today, leading companies try to maximize their profitability by paying attention to important factors for their customers. This is the most important reason of their success and it is base on marketing. Therefore, the present research seeks to identify and prio MoreAbstract Today, leading companies try to maximize their profitability by paying attention to important factors for their customers. This is the most important reason of their success and it is base on marketing. Therefore, the present research seeks to identify and prioritize the essential marketing capabilities on the performance of knowledge-based companies in a science and technology park. The current research is one of the descriptive-survey research in terms of implementations and data collection method. The statistical population of this study is 750 people and the sample is 254 employees and managers of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah science and Technology Park. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed. Whose validity was confirmed by the professors and experts of the university and experts in the Science and Technology Park. The Cronbach Alpha value of the knowledge-based companies of 906/0 and the essential capabilities of marketing were all above 0.70, which indicates acceptable reliability. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between marketing capabilities and performance of knowledge-based companies, and research variables with a 99% confidence level have a meaningful relationship and all relationships at error level 1 / 0 were verified. Further more, the results of regression showed that "services marketing", "Internet marketing" and "marketing of new products" affect the performance of knowledge-based companies. Finally, based on the results of Friedman test, the international marketing and export dimensions with the score of 7.61 have the highest impact and services and Internet marketing are in the next categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on the Genetic Algorithm and Dynamic Adaptive Scheduling in a Cloud Computing Environment
Mojdeh Rabbani Hoda Moradi Asadollah AlirezaeiCloud computing is a concept introducing in the world of information technology recently, and provides an environment for sharing sources. In this environment, an efficient and effective scheduling system plays a fundamental role. Hence, the problem of scheduling tasks MoreCloud computing is a concept introducing in the world of information technology recently, and provides an environment for sharing sources. In this environment, an efficient and effective scheduling system plays a fundamental role. Hence, the problem of scheduling tasks in cloud computing is a very important issue, which tries to identify an optimal scheduling for performing tasks and allocating an optimal source. The purpose of this research is to provide a new hybrid model for optimization of scheduling tasks based on combination of dynamic adaptive and genetic algorithms in a cloud computing environment. The hybrid model aimed to cover the defects of these algorithms. Based on this model, an initial solution was presented for resolving the weakness of the genetic algorithm, the action of low speed as well as the weakness of the dynamic adaptive algorithm, trapping in local answers. In the proposed model, first, dynamic adaptive algorithm could find an appropriate solution for scheduling problem within a good time using the technique of searching required resources by KD tree and data retrieval in parallel. This solution, as an initial answer, was given to the genetic algorithm, and this algorithm performed the optimal research. As a consequence, the final algorithm, a combination of these two algorithms, provides a better load balancing for cloud resources in a relatively acceptable time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Designing and Implementing of Technology Companies Performance Evaluation Model (Case Study of Technology Companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park)
Ali Haji Gholam SaryazdiScience and technology parks are institutions supporting technology companies. The performance evaluation of technology companies will help them to improve their performance and make the park supportive services more effective and helpful. Performance evaluation is one MoreScience and technology parks are institutions supporting technology companies. The performance evaluation of technology companies will help them to improve their performance and make the park supportive services more effective and helpful. Performance evaluation is one of the most important priorities of Yazd Science and Technology Park. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to design and explain a performance evaluation model of technology companies in this Park and analyze the results of its implementation. The evaluation model of Park is based on various performance evaluation models and theories, as well as through brainstorming with park managers and technology companies. This model evaluates the technology companies in four areas: nature of the company, structure and human resources, main idea and technology, and market. The evaluation process is designed according to both quantitative (documents and non-confrontational??) and qualitative (face to - face interviews) indicators. Then, based on this model, information of technology companies are collected and analyzed by an evaluation system. The results of evaluation showed that although the status of companies is far from the park's expectations and goals, it is acceptable in comparison with the community (province and the average of country) in terms of the value-added of manpower and the cost of employment. Also, the analysis of the results represented the validity and comprehensiveness of the model in assessing technology companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Extracting the Performance Indicators Based on BSC Model for SMEs Residing in Technology Incubators
Iman Shariat Reza Ghanbari Seyed Mousa Siadati Saed SedighScience and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the c MoreScience and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the community. In order to improve the impact of these supports, STPs and incubators periodically evaluate the activities of residents and, after identifying strengths and weaknesses, provide services tailored to each company's needs. However, it is worthy to ask, what indicators should the evaluation system include that can reflect a true and more comprehensive picture of the company's condition with presenting the company's core needs to the incubator manager? Therefore, in this research some general models of performance evaluation have been reviewed, and because of the benefits of BSC model, especially its compatibility to manufacturing SMEs, this system has been used for the principle of the current study. Then, based on 17 years experience of Khorasan Science and Technology Park in unlocking the region's manufacturing potential, and the opinions of experts in other incubators in the country and around the world, 104 critical indicators have been identified in evaluating the manufacturing SMEs. These indicators also were ranked using U Mann Whitney and Friedman statistical tests. The results showed that the "customer and market" is more important than the other three perspectives in BSC model, and "Market research" and "CEO capability and expertise" are the most important indicators and sub-indicators, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigating the Role of University Incubation Centers in Growth of Entrepreneurial Capacity of Technology Cores and Technology Centers at Islamic azad University
soheila okati bahare naseri morad mirzadeUniversity Incubators are important centers for developing innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic improvement of country. Supporting these centers will cause the improvement of their residents, and a spill in the economic cycle of country. Nowadays, these centers pl MoreUniversity Incubators are important centers for developing innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic improvement of country. Supporting these centers will cause the improvement of their residents, and a spill in the economic cycle of country. Nowadays, these centers play a very important role in advancing economic and industrial expansion of developed and developing countries. In many countries, it has made significant effects on the achievement of knowledge-based development as well as strengthening the interactions of government, university and industry . Hence, considering the importance of this issue, the present study investigates the role of University Incubators in growth of entrepreneurial capacity of startups who are deployed at Sistan and Baluchestan Islamic Azad University incubator. The study population included all startups managers who have been deployed in this incubator since 2015. The present research is a descriptive research (Non-experimental) and survey type in terms of the method of collecting data . Data were analyzed by the sofwares including SPSS 19, LISREL 54.8 and the tests including T-test and Single Sample, Factor Analysis, and Structural Model. The results indicated a positive and significant effect of University Incubators on the level of entrepreneurial empowerment of startups at Sistan and Baluchestan Islamic Azad University incubator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Identification of the Challenges of Technology Development of Network Contexts in University of Tehran Incubators
Mahdi Rezvanitabar Siamak EslamiTechnology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acce MoreTechnology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acceleration of business for a permanent presence in the market. Fewer research can be found addressing incubators in technology development. This research identified the challenges of technology development of university incubators. This survey was applicable, and in terms of controlling variables, indirect, random and descriptive in matter exploration of library and filed in data collection, and in terms of nature, descriptive. In terms of data type, it was a qualitative type of exploration and in terms of how to collect data was field research and library research. Books, publications, internet resources, and valid databases using library studies, documentary studies, interviews and field research were used for collecting data. The result of this section was to identify the dimensions of the challenges of technology development in the university incubators. In this research, a semi-structured interview with experts is presented to identify the issues. Qualitative data analyzing has been done using (Atlas-ti®) software. All interviews are recorded, transcript-ed to word software and assigned in Atlas-ti® software. The result of coding and categorizing, including 4 categories and 16 main codes, states technology development challenges related to networking contexts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Analysis of the Effect of Brand Promotion on Human Resource Performance in Science and Technology Parks
Dariush Poursarrajian Mohammad Saeed Taslimi Alinaghi Mashayekhi Ali Haji Gholam Saryazdi Mojgan SoltaniIn the present age, intangible assets such as branding, quality, technology, innovation, creativity, and knowledge capital are the source of organizations' competitive advantage. Organizations need to be able to create the right mental image of themselves in the minds o MoreIn the present age, intangible assets such as branding, quality, technology, innovation, creativity, and knowledge capital are the source of organizations' competitive advantage. Organizations need to be able to create the right mental image of themselves in the minds of their community, customers, and employees to attract and retain motivated, committed, and talented human resources. Given the importance of this issue in science and technology parks as technology and knowledge-based institution, whose most important assets are knowledgeable people, this article seeks to use the system dynamics approach of dynamic relationships of brand promotion policy on human resource performance in the park. Examine science and technology and provide appropriate solutions to improve the structure, quality, and quantity at the level of parks and ultimately improve the performance of science and technology parks. In this regard, using the opinions of experts in in-depth interviews in group model building (GMB) sessions, the problem was explained and a dynamic hypothesis was developed and a qualitative model (cause and effect diagrams - CLDs) and a quantitative model (stock and flow diagram - SFD) were developed. The results of group modeling in this paper lead to the identification of three strategies to increase agility and performance flexibility through the development of revenue sources, development of national and international science and technology parks, development of communications, and the scope of influence and development of specialized institutions, Technology, and communication with industry/market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators in Iran: Review
Mahdieh RezaeisadrabadiScience and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilita MoreScience and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge by employing alumni population and accelerate the movement towards knowledge-based economic growth. On the other hand, the possibility of international communication between STPs and TBIs provides a favorable situation for scientific & technological cooperation between them and other similar centers and technology companies. Therefore, providing a comprehensive national picture of the overall situation of the STPs and TBIs in line with the policy making of technology in Islamic Republic of IRAN is important. According to the data collected until the end of July 2018, there are currently 36 STP and 83 TBI under non-STP organizations across five national regions. In this paper, the data collection was carried out via a questionnaire in partnership with the Rooyesh ICT Incubator and the Ministry of Science, research and Technology (MSRT). This study, tries to analyze various aspects of the situation of STPs and TBIs in Iran based on the qualitative standards of the reports published by International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Designing and Developing a Team-based Organization Model with an Organizational Innovation Approach (Case Study of Growth Centers and Science and Technology Parks in Khorasan Razavi)
maryam dehnavi Mahmoud , Ghorbani Mohammad Karimi Ahmad zendedelDue to the changes that have taken place inside and outside organizations today, the organization needs to be more innovative, flexible and dynamic. Team building, by combining different realities and perspectives to create new capabilities, leads to innovation in organ MoreDue to the changes that have taken place inside and outside organizations today, the organization needs to be more innovative, flexible and dynamic. Team building, by combining different realities and perspectives to create new capabilities, leads to innovation in organizations. The present study aims to investigate and develop a team-based organization model with an organizational innovation approach. This research is exploratory In terms of purpose. Also, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method is used. Moreover, data collection tools are questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population was all employees of incubators and science and technology parks in Razavi Khorasan, that 108 employees were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software to validate the model. Performing the necessary calculations in the software while confirming the relationships between the latent variables in the structural model indicates that CFI value for the first-order measurement model of innovation and team-based organization Also, the second-order factor analysis model is equal to 0.903, 0.901 and 0.908, respectively. Given that it is more than 0.9, we can say that the data is very well fitted. According to the research findings, it can be conducted that focusing on variables of team-oriented organization can increase the organizational innovation of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A Simulation Model of Growth of Teams and Startups in Academic Development Centers using the System Dynamics Approach
Mohammadreza Mohamadkhani Ruhollah Tavallaei Amirhossein Mohammadinia mahdi farmani Esmail laaliThe purpose of this study is to provide a rich insight into the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. In this study, the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups were investigated using the system dynamics approach MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a rich insight into the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. In this study, the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups were investigated using the system dynamics approach. At first, after reviewing the theoretical literature and the experts’ opinions, Variables affecting the growth of teams and startups were indentified and causal relationships among these variables were depicted. Then, the mathematical relations among these variables were determined and, accordingly, the study system was simulated at growth centre of technician and knowledge based units at Imam Hussein comprehensive university during the period 2016 to 2066. After designing the cause and effect diagrams, six scenarios for the growth of teams and startups were defined, which are: The growth center's share of the profits of successful companies, The effect of interaction with successful companies in promoting the level of entrepreneurial culture, The effect of effective communication with successful companies in attracting financial support for technology units, The effect of changes in the number of clients to enter the center on the system, Admission control policy and The effect of legal protections of technology units on the system. Of the six simulated scenarios, the fifth scenario has the greatest impact on the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. Therefore, the policy of maintaining the quality of services through controlling the amount of technology units entering the growth centers can be considered an effective and important policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Critical success factors of startups based on modern technology; A systematic review
Nasser Safaie Saeid ZamaniToday, start-ups are considered as a part of the important and key socio-economic groups in the economies of different countries. Meanwhile, statistics show that more than 80% of startups fail in the first year of their establishment. Identifying important success fact MoreToday, start-ups are considered as a part of the important and key socio-economic groups in the economies of different countries. Meanwhile, statistics show that more than 80% of startups fail in the first year of their establishment. Identifying important success factors in starting startups reduces the risk of failure and thus increases their chances of success. The present article is a review-library study on the key success factors of startups based on modern technology. Today, startups are an important phenomenon in the world economic community. The process of formation and change of this phenomenon over the years is examined in this research and an attempt has been made to provide a picture of the most important issues in the think tank of startups, which confirms the change and evolution of this phenomenon from 1984 to 2022. For this purpose, by searching the articles of reputable world journals and filtering them based on the subject of this research, 159 articles were finally selected. In the next step, the meaning of startup success was extracted and expressed by researchers and the success factors were divided into three categories: organizational, individual and external. These variables were identified in 46 different categories and presented in the attached table. The results of this research will help the founders of startups to take a more open view of establishing and scoring their company in a competitive market. Manuscript profile