List of articles (by subject) Technology Transfer and Commercialization of Researches
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Open Access Article
1 - Technological Absorption Capacity of the Iranian Economy
Behzad Salmani Firuz Fatahi Parviz Mohammadzade Akbar Anrajani KhosroshahiIt is widely acknowledged that relying solely on physical capital and labor as main sources of the economic growth would cause countries to lag behind others in the process of sustainable development, and the productivity improvement through technological advancements i MoreIt is widely acknowledged that relying solely on physical capital and labor as main sources of the economic growth would cause countries to lag behind others in the process of sustainable development, and the productivity improvement through technological advancements is the only way that ensures the continued economic growth. So, it is important to study the economy’s potential of technological innovations and capacity of technology absorption in order to allocate the scarce recourses efficiently. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the capacity of technology absorption in the Iranian Economy. To that end, using data from the Iranian economy over the period 1347-1390, the technological absorption capability hypothesis of Teixeira and Fortuna (2010) has been tested. According to this hypothesis, the existence of adequate human capital could help the economy to absorb the technological spillovers caused by FDI, importing capital goods, and the collaborations between countries. Furthermore, this hypothesis states that the higher is the R&D expenditures, the higher is the technological absorption capability. Using the co-integration method of Johansen and Juselius (1990), it is found that the existence of adequate human capital in Iran has enhanced the technological absorption capability of the Iranian economy. However, the R&D expenditures have no significant effect on the absorption capability of the Iranian economy. In sum, the Iranian economy can benefit from the technological spillovers because of its capabilities to absorb the new technologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Knowledge Translation Model From Research to Industry Case Study: Defense Industries Research Center
Yousef Naeimaei Hossein Ali Hasan pour Mahdi Moghan Jahanbakhsh Mambini Soheyl EmamianKnowledge Translation (KT) is the meeting ground between two fundamentally different processes: research and action. It knits them with communicative relationships. Knowledge translation is a dynamic and interactive process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchan MoreKnowledge Translation (KT) is the meeting ground between two fundamentally different processes: research and action. It knits them with communicative relationships. Knowledge translation is a dynamic and interactive process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to provide more effective services and products and strengthen system. This is done through a complex system of researchers and knowledge users. Knowledge translation is catalyst for knowledge cycle in knowledge to action process. Utilization of observation and decision-making appropriate with field conditions that is proposed with knowledge translation is very useful in industrial researches. This research proposes a model for knowledge translation from research to industry (case study: A Defense Industry Research Center). By extending the concept of knowledge translation several models and structures are proposed that each one has a strategy to overcome the gap between what we know and what actually happens in practice. In this research we studied some of them and try to find an appropriate model. The proposed model has seven processes: research needs assessment, input to research, research processes, primary outputs from research, making a sample for taking customers endorsement, using product and final outcome. For data collection, interviews and questionnaires were used. The population is consisting of experts, managers and Defensive Research Centers researchers who are familiar with knowledge translation issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of the Success of the Technology Transfer Process and Improve Its Perform ance by Using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) In Samam Co
Seyed Davood MirHabibi Mostafa MablaghiOrganizations to survive and produce new productions in their surrounded environment need new technology. One of the ways to acquisition technology is transfer technology from other organization or countries. One of the most important problems which industries in develo MoreOrganizations to survive and produce new productions in their surrounded environment need new technology. One of the ways to acquisition technology is transfer technology from other organization or countries. One of the most important problems which industries in developing countries are wrestling with is non-effectiveness of transferred technology. The reason for this, is the failure to complete the phases of transfer of technology or lack of improvement in these phases. The technology transfer process has six interactive phases: the selection and acquisition, adaptation, assimilation, utilization, development and diffusion. In this study, field research and studies in the field of technology transfer process is investigated and influential factors in the technology transfer process are identified. With t student model, a significant relationship between these components are reviewed and confirmed. Then through collecting expert opinions, the success of the technology transfer process is evaluated and importance of the phases are specified by extending the classical analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and They are compared with a success rate, And by IPA, both the importance and performance aspects were evaluated so by determining priorities for improvement and resource allocation, the technology transfer process hasbeen improved. Although this work can be viewed as a case study in Samam co. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing a Model for Transfer of Nanotechnology and the Relevant Knowledge Using Fuzzy Delphi Method
Saeed ShokohiNanotechnology plays an important role in the scientific, economic, and political development of countries, so that adapting to today's dynamic world and becoming the leading power in the Middle East and a pioneer in this field is subject to the acquisition of nanotechn MoreNanotechnology plays an important role in the scientific, economic, and political development of countries, so that adapting to today's dynamic world and becoming the leading power in the Middle East and a pioneer in this field is subject to the acquisition of nanotechnology and the related knowledge. One of the short-term, urgent and effective methods for obtaining knowledge and technology concerned with nanotechnology is technology transfer but despite its outstanding importance, little attention has been paid. On the other hand, in extraordinary circumstances imposed by the sanctions against Iran, the urgency of this issue increases, since the technical and knowledge interactions under sanctions are harder and more complex. Also, the possibility of complete transfer of knowledge and technology, especially in the field of high technologies such as nanotechnology decreases. Therefore, this study has aimed to design a customized model for Iran to facilitate making accurate and wise decisions about transfer of nanotechnology and the knowledge associated with that technology. To achieve this goal, three basic steps have been taken. First, eighteen major factors influencing the transfer of knowledge and technology of nano has been identified. Then, these factors have been weighed. Finally, they have been categorized into five clusters that are: 1. Technology source, 2. Technology receiver, 3. Technology process, 4. Technology nature, 5. Technology environment. It is notable that this classification has been based on open systems approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Innovation and Exports Based on High Technology: Comparison of the Islamic Republic of Iran with Vision Plan Countries
Abolfazll Shahabadi Haniyeh SamariMost of the nation’s economic power to dominate the regional and trans-regional markets depends on the knowledge and technology and its application in creating various products consistent with the current worldwide demand. The use of technology in production and export MoreMost of the nation’s economic power to dominate the regional and trans-regional markets depends on the knowledge and technology and its application in creating various products consistent with the current worldwide demand. The use of technology in production and export leads to increased competiveness strength and enhanced worldwide market share. This study investigates the effect of innovation on high technology exports of Iran in comparison to the selected countries mentioned in the vision plan during 2007-2012 in order to provide policy recommendations to achieve the vision plan goals and seriously addressing the economic sanctions. The results indicate a positive relationship between innovation and high technology exports in studied countries. Among the studied countries, the worst and the best performance on high technology exports respectively are Qatar and Turkey. Iran ranked second in the region on high technology exports and in the couple of innovation indicators (The number of patents and scientific and technical papers) but for the other indicators of innovation, the situation is not desirable. Despite the presence of young and graduated generation and the development of higher education, due to inconsistencies between macroeconomic policies and research and innovation policies and also the lack of demand-driven innovative activities, still Iran has not reached the top position in exports of high technology in the region. So to seriously deal with economic sanctions and to achieve Vision′s goals, it is necessary to adopt appropriate macroeconomic policies in order to create demand for the development of innovation activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza BandarianThe goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol MoreThe goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Review of the Commercialization Linear Model
Ayda Matin Shadi Mohammad zadehThe master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new tec MoreThe master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new technologies to the commercially successful products. Commercialization is containing different arrays of technical, commercial and financial process which converts the new technology into the useful products or services. In other word, commercialization of research findings is the link between technology and market and the focus of it is on the end rings of value chain. Since delivering a product to the market can be the guarantee of organization success and survival, commercialization, the technical knowledge is known as a vital factor. In research organizations, research doesn’t have meaning without product commercialization. Because producing or testing an idea seems useless without access to the product special customers. In order to apply the concept of commercialization in organizations, it’s necessary to be familiar with the commercialization models. A classification of commercialization models are classified into two categories: linear and functional. Due to the importance of linear models, in this article after checking the concept of commercialization, we will check the most important commercial linear models. The linear models are the Goldsmith, Kokobu, Cooper, Rothwell & Zegfeld model, Andrew & Sirkin, Jolley, and the Yeong–Deok Lee models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative Study of Technology Transfer Models
Hassanali Aghajani Ramin FarzadfarToday's world is a world of enormous advances in phenomena, in which technology is considered one of the most important factors in the production of goods and services. Technology transfer is a complex and difficult process that without adequate research and study may l MoreToday's world is a world of enormous advances in phenomena, in which technology is considered one of the most important factors in the production of goods and services. Technology transfer is a complex and difficult process that without adequate research and study may lead to wasting money, time and technology weakening. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework to examine the factors affecting technology transfer with the comparative approach. Therefore, we first briefly discussed the definition of technology transfer and then technology transfer models were discussed in detail. Subsequently, examples of studies conducted in Iran to better understand the issues were presented. Results were obtained by comparing the different theoretical perspectives, and factors affecting technology transfer in ten overall categories of familiarity with market, willingness and ability of the technology transfer and technology receptor, level of technological risk and uncertainty, technology life cycle, organizational interactions, nature of the technology, the aim of the cooperation, economic and financial factors, characteristics of the technology holder (source) and R&D activities were introduced. Each of these factors includes indicators which can be used to assess the models of technology transfer. Finally, based on the findings, the proposed framework is suggested to improve the success and effectiveness of technology transfer projects in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Commercialization in Innovation Management and Introduce Major Commercialization Models for High Tech Industries
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra KalanhaeiToday, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exp MoreToday, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Successful Technology Commercialization Through Team Approach
Mostafa Baghdadi Marziyah SahverdiIdeation, research, and technological innovation is valuable when leads to wealth creation. Commercialization is a way for linking science to economy and create wealth from innovation. Several factors, such as creative thinking, appropriate know-how, entrepreneurial thi MoreIdeation, research, and technological innovation is valuable when leads to wealth creation. Commercialization is a way for linking science to economy and create wealth from innovation. Several factors, such as creative thinking, appropriate know-how, entrepreneurial thinking and spirit, and financial resources, need to get together to gain success in technology development and commercialization. But rarely an individual can have all these features. So the best solution for successful commercialization is formation of a team of four different characters with the above properties: These characters are inventor/innovator, investor, technologist and entrepreneure. This paper implies definition and concepts of commercialization, and thirteen steps in commercialization process, from ideation to success development and growth. Then introduces “innovation team” as one of the solutions for successful commercialization and describes the characteristics of team members and their roles at different stages of commercialization. In order to achieve more and better results in the area of commercialization, at the end of the paper there are recommendations with regard to Iran’s conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparative Analogy about the Scale of Using of Effective Elements in Technology Transfer with the MCDM Procedure (Case Study: Steel Industry Corporations)
Sedigh Reisi Mahmood Mahdizadeh Hadi Heydari Ghare Bagh Mojtaba PirhadiNowadays, Technology management is one of the most important tools to improve and develope production of goods and services. In recent years due to the accelerating in scientific progresses, many countries adopted technology transferring. This research comparatively st MoreNowadays, Technology management is one of the most important tools to improve and develope production of goods and services. In recent years due to the accelerating in scientific progresses, many countries adopted technology transferring. This research comparatively studies the usage of effective factors affecting technology transfer. Considering the results of key factors identified by technology transferr process and using the effective factors for the Iranian steel industry a model was proposed to evaluate the technology transfer process in the above mentioned industry.. This paper is conducted to determine the extension of technology transfer matching with the effective factors. Considering successful experiences in implementation of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to analyse the technology transfer projects, this method was used to rank and find the priority of each of the identified effective factors. For the purpose of this study, questionniers where developed to collect the required information. Moreover, the stability of questionnaire was determined by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 that can be considered well acceptable. To do the statistical analysis we applied statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software to perform descriptive methods, one sample student’s t-test, two sample student’s t-test, and mean comparison tests. Finally, some advices have been presented to improve chance of success and effectiveness of technology transfer projects in Iran based on the proposed model and the results of evaluations and analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effective Methods of Technology Transfer
Amir Hosein Amir khani Mohammad Javad EsfandiariToday transfer of the new and superior technology As one of the Method of maintaining competitive advantage. Technology Transfer be a shortcut of accessing new technology for developing countries (like ours), and to reach this goal, technology transfer process should co MoreToday transfer of the new and superior technology As one of the Method of maintaining competitive advantage. Technology Transfer be a shortcut of accessing new technology for developing countries (like ours), and to reach this goal, technology transfer process should completely considered. Getting familiar with preventive and movement factors of technology, will help to reduce the failure rate of technology tranfer. Upon providing a multi-aspect definition of technology, this paper intends to define two methods of accessing technology, one is transferring from other countries and the other is self accessing technologies. There are three major parts in technology transfer process: - Selection & obtaining of technology - Compliance, application and absorption of technology - Promotion & Distribution of technology It is tried to explain technology transfer process, effective factors, its obstacles, necessities and any effects of which in economic development. Lack of localization is one of the major reasons of failure in technology transferm which is considered by explaining the most important reasons which causes research & development institutes fail on localization process of imported technologies. Furthermore in order to find required success in technology transfer, it is a need of receiving companies of technology to manage finding tacit knowledge of it as well. Finally it is explained the importance of tacit knowledge and required fields for any transfer of knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Proposing the most appropriate selectionmodel of technology transfer method, with using Analytical Hierarchy Process technique: a Case Study in Iran Khodro Diesel Company
Ehsan Dehghani Mostafa MablaghiTechnology transfer is a sensitive and complicated process that if not done with knowledge and research, will lead to costs and also huge losses. while the audience of this process are mainly developing countries, it can be noted that studying and investigating the proc MoreTechnology transfer is a sensitive and complicated process that if not done with knowledge and research, will lead to costs and also huge losses. while the audience of this process are mainly developing countries, it can be noted that studying and investigating the process of technology transfer to developing countries, generally shows weaknesses due to ignorance of the terms, conditions and requirements available, and also the policies and goals of technology transfer, that transferor will follow them, leading to irreversible failures, and the applicant has prevented from obtaining the original technology. Hence, in this study, due to the importance of technology and its transfer in the automobile industry, while focusing on the factors influencing this process in Iran Khodro Diesel Company, that is among the largest and most important domestic automakers, it has been tried that the weaknesses and factors that influence the process and provoke these weaknesses have been detected. Also those transfer methods of technology which are according to national polices and strategies, have led to less dependence, and further, after discussion with experts and specialists in this field survey, and using process models, hierarchical analysis, in the Expert Choice soft wear, to compare any of existing standards and methods are discussed, and the best methods, in order of preference, are introduced. And finally, all research results and achievements are summarized in terms of the most appropriateselection model of technology transfer method, and algorithm design, which help to facility decision-making in this selection, and also recommended to other companies in this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Technology acquision methode model peresentation Based on porter industrial competition pattern In auto part industry
Kambiuz tALEBI Somayeh SahebiIn the path of economical development for promoting technology levels of a country, different methods of acquisition of technology, improving current technology and also developing and boosting a new technology by localizing and also R&D are used. Although transferring MoreIn the path of economical development for promoting technology levels of a country, different methods of acquisition of technology, improving current technology and also developing and boosting a new technology by localizing and also R&D are used. Although transferring and technology acquisition is considered as an effective tool in developing industries but importing machineries and industrial tools does not just mean acquisition. The appropriate acquisition is accompanied with technical knowledge and the knowledge of how to use it. In this regard, the balance between technology strategy and business strategy is extremely important on the increase of competitive advantage and also to technology adaption in the national level. The aim of this research is to identify correlation of Porter's five strategic factors with technology acquisition modes with respect to cho and you's technology absorption model and also determine the correlation of these factors with the absorption of technology method and finally provide a model to align strategic and technological goals of company. Nonparametric test is used for achieving research purposes. Chi-square test is used to determine the independence or correlation between independent variables and the dependent variable, and Kendall tau b is used to determine the homogeneity of the criteria. Based on the results, the alternative of buyers bargaining power has the highest correlation with technology acquisition methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Using Identification of Organization's life-cycle for Technology Acquisition Strategies
Mehrdad ShafieiThe answer to the question of technology development using internally developed methods of cooperation with other companies or buys the technology to be done, is one of the main aspects of a firm's technology strategy. After deciding on the technology development strate MoreThe answer to the question of technology development using internally developed methods of cooperation with other companies or buys the technology to be done, is one of the main aspects of a firm's technology strategy. After deciding on the technology development strategy many firms, in different stages of their life cycle, according to market requirements, corporate objectives and strategies use different ways for technology acquisition. Successful presence in the market for each firm requires the acquisition of technology in best and. Therefore, identification of technology acquisition strategies and strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is of great importance. One of the important issues raised in this context is that choosing the right combination of strategies through various strategies so that maximum benefit for the firm to be. Also, there are different methods for the acquisition of technology and technological cooperation in each Strategy, that according to the type of organization needs and technology content and terms of the transaction parties (companies), some of these methods are more efficient and more effective. One of the methods and tools that can determine the degree of relevance between technology acquisition strategy and organization situation is identifying the location of organization on its lifecycle curve. This paper is based on a comparative study with the combination of concepts of organization lifecycle and technology acquisition strategies, potential strategies for major firms in each of the stages of his life will be introduced. The purpose of this paper consists of establishing correspondence between the conditions in each of the stages of its life and general conditions for the adoption of any one of the main strategies for technology acquisition is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Technological Collaboration :Key Concepts and Success Factors
Reza AnsariIn today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations are in need sources of innovation and the current competi MoreIn today's world, especially after the development of open innovation paradigm, technological collaboration is the most important sources of innovation. Because, in the new competitive environment, organizations are in need sources of innovation and the current competitive advantages and internal resources are not sufficient for competitiveness. So technological collaboration is an effective tool for developing competitive advantage and eliminate the gap between current and desired capabilities. This makes the technological collaboration as an engine of growth and productivity in local and international markets and also as one of the most important management tools for improving the competitiveness of organizations and strategic maneuvers in complex and dynamic environments. In recent years, collaboration has been expanded so that five hundred first-class international business, has more than sixty percent of strategic alliances. These collaborations are not necessarily always successful and failure rate has been reported seventy to eighty percent. These failures led to the scientific experts efforts for finding solutions of increase the effectiveness of collaborations, Appropriate methods of collaboration, Reduce the risks of collaboration and identifying Success Factors. In this paper is attempted after literature review, success Factors of technological collaboration is introduced. Understanding these factors provide useful insight for managers and policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Identifying Institutional and Environmental Determinants of University Technology Transfer in Biotechnology
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra AminiTechnology transfer is one of the important and fundamental issues that can lead to technology promotion and moving toward sustainable development. Technology Transfer is a practical usage of academic researches, to transfer ideas and researches into technology or produ MoreTechnology transfer is one of the important and fundamental issues that can lead to technology promotion and moving toward sustainable development. Technology Transfer is a practical usage of academic researches, to transfer ideas and researches into technology or products. This process needs cooperation of more than one party. In technology transfer one side is researchers and academic body that have new ideas and the other side is industry that makes profit. Due to the rapid growth of new technology, and its importance in terms of welfare and economic growth, ignoring technology transfer may cause recession. Using academic ideas, transferring them and doing researches on industry is called Technology Transfer. Biotechnology industry, with a wide range of applications, allocates large part of the global market to itself. We select this industry regarding to importance and increasing growth of Biotechnology. We are going to identify institutional and environmental determinants of university technology transfer. Institutional factors are those which firm can control them and are surrounded by firm. But environmental factors are those which can affect the firm and can’t be controlled by the firm. Then by using eclectic method we are able to identify some variables. In qualitative part by using interview, we recognize some variables, and then we distribute 60 questionnaires among biotech researchers. Consequently, we settle institutional and environmental factors, and clarify that institutional factors are more significant than environmental ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Assessment of Technology Transfer Process and Determining the Best Practices for Technology Transfer by AHP Model; Case Study: Azarab Industry
Abbas Khamseh Azadeh AzadiOne of the problems in the developing countries industry is none productivity of imported technology transferred. The most important element of this is the incompleteness of technology transfer phases and/or lack of usage of the proper technology transfer. Today, compan MoreOne of the problems in the developing countries industry is none productivity of imported technology transferred. The most important element of this is the incompleteness of technology transfer phases and/or lack of usage of the proper technology transfer. Today, companies and developing countries in order to bridge the gap with developed countries in terms of innovation and creating competitive advantage, various methods are resorted. One of the most important ones is the transfer of new technologies through which they have been able to compensate much of the distance between them & the developed countries. Technology transfer is possible through different approaches which is determined by the condition of technology transfer and transferee (sender and receiver). But despite this method with its potential opportunities have some implicit threats i.e. if technology is not selected and transferred properly will result in big negative damages and effects. The technology transfer process consists of six major phases and in case of accomplishing all these phases successfully, commercialization of technology transfer will be possible. These six major phases are: selecting &acquisition, matching the imported technology transfer, absorbing the imported technology, applying the imported technology transfer, technology diffusion. We attempt in this investigation to assess the success of Azarab technology transfer industry and at the end we try to determine the best practices for technology transfer by use of AHP model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Successful Transfer of Information System Technologies in Auto and Parts Factories in Iran
Mansoor Sabeti Seyed mohammadreza RazaviInformation is the driving force for today's knowledge economy and information systems are tools for information application. While numerous benefits of information systems are proven, substantial risk of failure is still burdening implementation of such projects. To re MoreInformation is the driving force for today's knowledge economy and information systems are tools for information application. While numerous benefits of information systems are proven, substantial risk of failure is still burdening implementation of such projects. To reduce the risk, attention must be paid to critical success factors. After reviewing the relevant literature, success factors for the transfer of information system technologies are identified. Using such factors, this research evaluates and prioritizes them in the context of Pars Khodro and Saipa Auto Companies, as well as Sazeh Gostar Parts Co. in Iran. A questionnaire was administered among 32 IS/IT experts and consultants in those firms. The chosen firms have had experience with the transfer of information system technologies like MES and ERP. The proposed classification in this research divides critical success factors into three broad categories: organizational factors, tactical factors, and technical factors. Consistent with others' findings in the area of information systems, this research finds that the managerial, organizational and tactical factors dominate the technical aspect, and special attention to the former reduces the risk of failure associated with the implementation of information systems. As one of the primary objectives of this research, it has been found that the most important critical success factors in each category are: 1) Among organizational factors, the support and commitment of top management, and clear understanding of business objectives and organizational requirements are the most important; 2) Within tactical factors, effective project management and competent teams are critical; and 3) Among technical factors, adequate training, extensive organizational participation, and retention of skilled employees are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The identification factors of effective in transfer of technology
Mahmood Mahdizadeh Hadi Heydari Ghare bag Yaser MirzaeiThis research is about technology & the title is identification & extraction of effect factors in technology transfer. Becoming acquaintance with factors that effect on technology transfer to Iran’s industries is the goal of this research. In order to, we discuss techno MoreThis research is about technology & the title is identification & extraction of effect factors in technology transfer. Becoming acquaintance with factors that effect on technology transfer to Iran’s industries is the goal of this research. In order to, we discuss technology definition and the process of technology transfer, and then, survey success factors in technology transfer to developing countries and the constraints of technology transfer to Iran. In this research, we use both survey and analytical methods that with collect data and information we have been done studies through a library and comprehensive literature. With regard to the key factors have been identified in the process of transferring technology in all different aspects of an effective pattern, a appropriate model factors for the transfer of technology in the main factor of eight as: effective and efficient management, governmental supports, cooperation between research centers and industry, considering research and develop activities, absorption capacity of host country, enough market access, tending and ability of both countries, and develop export policy.In continuing this research we extract sub-factors of each main factor. that eventually all factors have been identified in the form of a questionnaire that had been prepared by experts and specialist of the transfer of technology in connection with the amount of being a question of the factors that after collecting the questionnaire we analyze the factors by T-test (T-student) for statistical analysis by SPSS statistical soft wares, In this research, Cronbach's alpha is used for reliability of questionnaire. The results may increase efficiency and effectiveness of technology transfer projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Factors Affecting Technology Transfer Process through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Plastic Industry
Farhad Shah miri Seyed reza SalamiTechnology transfer is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which has been discussed from scientific, economic and political views not only in developing countries but also in western research institutions for many years. For diminishing the technological gap among advanced a MoreTechnology transfer is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which has been discussed from scientific, economic and political views not only in developing countries but also in western research institutions for many years. For diminishing the technological gap among advanced and less-developed countries, technology transfer (TT) is a must. TT ,depending on the situation of transferor and transferee, is done through different means. Importing products with high technology, tapping foreign technology, and employing international work force are among the most important methods for TT. Among these and the other general methods for doing so, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which is usually used by multinational companies, is the main method to access the advanced technologies in industrial countries. FDI usually consists of 3 main elements namely capital, management and technology. All these three elements in order to achieve advancement in developing countries are needed. In this article, having studied the technology transfer and FDI literature and problems of the plastic industry in Iran, 40 affecting variables in 2 main categories were identified. First category known as specialized variables, consists of 8 variables and the other encompasses 32 variables known as general variables. Above-mentioned variables were accommodated in a questionnaire. These questionnaires were distributed among 3 main groups which were active in TT and FDI. These three groups are activist in plastic industry, TT experts and experts in Organization for Investment, Economic & Technical Assistance of Iran. After analyzing the collected data, using exploratory factor analysis technique, 13 main factors were recognized after studying the related literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Technology Transfer Using The Brain Circulation Model In Science And Technology Parks
Korush Khosravi Morteza Rasti barzaki hamid MahdaviThe brain drain is substituted by brain circulation in the globalization process and social networking. The brain drain can be an opportunity by using the human knowledge in development. So it is not necessary to settle elite in national region with regards to brain cir MoreThe brain drain is substituted by brain circulation in the globalization process and social networking. The brain drain can be an opportunity by using the human knowledge in development. So it is not necessary to settle elite in national region with regards to brain circulation model. The technology transfer occurs by going on the other region and acquiring the knowledge.Isfahan Science and Technology Town provides the preliminary communications with the Iranian scientists. The consequence is development of several high technology companies. In this paper, we describe the activity carried out in this regard with the expression of the case studies after a preliminary expression in brain circulation model and introducing the ISTT plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Development of Commercialization of the Scientific Achievements through Pilot Plant Research
Reza MahdiBased on national innovation system, commercialization of the research achievements is of great importance and possesses a special stance in the scientific, technological, economic and social systems. Despite the importance and value of commercialization of the resear MoreBased on national innovation system, commercialization of the research achievements is of great importance and possesses a special stance in the scientific, technological, economic and social systems. Despite the importance and value of commercialization of the research results, there are always many issues and problems that prevent fulfillment of commercialization goals on the commercialization process. One of the main barriers of commercialization is inefficiency of methods and lack of applying scientific-experimental methodology. This paper, using hybrid methodology of documental review and survey research, with regard to concepts and models of the commercialization of research achievements, proposes pilot plan research as an essential solution for a technical-economical feasibility study, risk management and linkage of the research achievements to industrial production, and also develops its process. Based on the suggested solution, once the scientific research result in a systematic form is attained, pilot plan research with a specific road map and business plan is achieved so that the final production with more confidence, less amount of risk and expenses is prepared for mass production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Benefits and Challenges of Commercialization of Research Centers Findings in Existing Industries
Rooholah GhabeziResearch and development couldnt promote public welfare and national wealth without commercialization. Commercialization is one of the complicated stages of technological innovation process and there is no deterministic pattern for this stage. The minimum requirements f MoreResearch and development couldnt promote public welfare and national wealth without commercialization. Commercialization is one of the complicated stages of technological innovation process and there is no deterministic pattern for this stage. The minimum requirements for successful commercialization of new technologies are as follows: adequate demand in market, superior potential performance to responses this demand, and an entrepreneurship organization or person with the sufficient resources, marketing and managing capabilities for delivering final product to market. One way to facilitating and accelerating commercialization is benefiting from exiting industries, which have required equipments to commercialize research findings and also have free capacity. In this paper after defining commercialization, benefits of using existing industries to commercializing research centers finings will be explain and then some of the current barriers which are in industries and research centers to benefit of existing industry for commercialization research results will described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Technology Commercialization as the Effective Function in Technology and Economy Development
Reza Radfar Abbas Khamseh Hesameddin MadaniNowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical functi MoreNowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical function has been greatly magnified. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and no technology and product would come into market successfully without it. Producing contexts for knowledge and technology, can create noticeable economical values for organizations, and also leads to economical and technological growth of the society. In this paper, we try to introduce the technology commercialization and its process, and also reviewing the importance of technology commercialization and its role in development of new technologies. Along with it, the important functions which are effective in technology commercialization and its success, classification, and technology commercialization risks will be reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Marketing and Commercialization of new Technologies: Stages, Facilitators, and Critical Success Factors
ndoubtedly, one of the complicated stages of innovation is transferring research findings to the production and market area, which is called as technology transfer from researches to production. This complexity arises from no deterministic pattern for this process. Comm Morendoubtedly, one of the complicated stages of innovation is transferring research findings to the production and market area, which is called as technology transfer from researches to production. This complexity arises from no deterministic pattern for this process. Commercialization of new technologies is a complex, chaos, hazardous and dark process and executing this process for each technology has its unique challenges. Minimum requirements for successful commercialization of new technologies are as follows: Adequate demand in market, superior potential performance to response this demand, and an entrepreneurship organization or person with the sufficient resource, marketing and managing capabilities for delivering final product to market. One of the most important stages of technology commercialization process is technology marketing. Technology marketing is interactive marketing and hence the quality of technology is depended to quality of interaction between seller and buyer of technology. In this paper after defining technology marketing and commercialization process, facilitators and accelerators of this process will be explained. Finally some of the critical factors have been mentioned which increase the possibility of executing successful plan of technology marketing and commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - : Launching New Technology to Existing Industries; A Solution for Facilitating Commercialization
Ahmad MosaeiResearch results without commercialization could not be sources of public welfare and national wealth. Undoubtedly, commercialization and transferring research findings to the industry and market area is one of the complicated stages of innovation process. One of the wa MoreResearch results without commercialization could not be sources of public welfare and national wealth. Undoubtedly, commercialization and transferring research findings to the industry and market area is one of the complicated stages of innovation process. One of the ways to overcome this challenge is benefiting from existing industries or plants which has required equipments for industrialization of technology and also has free capacity. In this paper, at first the benefits of utilizing existing industries for commercialization some of new technologies are described. Then a scientific methodology introduced to explain and implement the ability to launch of new technologies into existing plant in Research institute for Petroleum Industry (RIPI). This methodology benefits from principles of modular design and robust design. After introducing the methodology, a case study is presented which has been carried out by this methodology to launch a new technology in one of the existing plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Presenting a Method for a Suitable Selection of Technology Acquisition Methods Based on Factor Analysis Method; A Case Study in Alupan Corporation
Asadollah NajafiTechnology acquisition (TA) is a necessary tool for achieving international competency and reliability. Identification of technology acquisition process and effective factors is very important. Therefore, it is necessary for creation of suitable Technology acquisition s MoreTechnology acquisition (TA) is a necessary tool for achieving international competency and reliability. Identification of technology acquisition process and effective factors is very important. Therefore, it is necessary for creation of suitable Technology acquisition structure. There are many methods for TA, but they are more efficient if can be selected based on type of organization and technology content. In this paper, we seek to present a method based on FA, This method identifies suitable TA methods in many companies, it is tested and validated by alupan corporation in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Transfer of Technology by Clean Development Mechanism
Seyed Ghasem Noori najafi Amir abbas SedighiAlthough the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) does not have an explicit technology transfer mandate, it may contribute to technology transfer by financing emission reduction projects using technologies currently not available in the host countries. This paper analyzes MoreAlthough the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) does not have an explicit technology transfer mandate, it may contribute to technology transfer by financing emission reduction projects using technologies currently not available in the host countries. This paper analyzes the claims of technology transfer made by project participants in the project design documents for 3296 registered and proposed CDM projects. Roughly 36% of the projects accounting for 59% of the annual emission reductions claim to involve technology transfer. Technology transfer is more common for larger projects and projects with foreign participants. Technology transfer is very heterogeneous across project types and usually involves both knowledge and equipment. The technology originates mostly from Japan, Germany, the USA, France, and Great Britain. The rate of technology transfer is significantly higher than the average for several host countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam and significantly lower than average for Brazil, China, and India. As the number of projects increases, technology transfer occurs beyond the individual projects. This is observed for several project types in China and Brazil. For most project types, project developers appear to have a choice among a number of domestic and/or foreign technology suppliers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - An Analysis on the Role of the National Technology Transfer Institutes
Raza GhaderiDue to the effects of globalization on the economy and social relations, governments pay more attention on the issue of technology transfer. This is why the rapid formation and boost for support of existing national technology transfer institutions is witnessed on the r MoreDue to the effects of globalization on the economy and social relations, governments pay more attention on the issue of technology transfer. This is why the rapid formation and boost for support of existing national technology transfer institutions is witnessed on the regular basis. Reviews state that these kinds of institutions are facing various challenges. One of the basic challenges is due to the mismatch between the expectations and the structure of the institution. This problem by itself is caused by the global viewing on the problem. In this essay the technology transfer problem will be decomposed and different parts will be discussed to determine appropriate structure of national institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Technology marketing and Research Commercialization
Gholamreza MalekzadehTitle: Technology marketing and Research Commercialization Author/Authors Email/Emails Gholam Reza Malek Zadeh rezamalekzadeh@yahoo.com Abstract: One of the most important and essential actions in establishment and institutionalization of knowledge-based econ MoreTitle: Technology marketing and Research Commercialization Author/Authors Email/Emails Gholam Reza Malek Zadeh rezamalekzadeh@yahoo.com Abstract: One of the most important and essential actions in establishment and institutionalization of knowledge-based economy is the development of intelligent infrastructures which will make the establishment possible. In this era, Support of Small and Medium Enterprises in Entrepreneurship centers, Technology Incubators and Science and Technology Parks are vital. In Commercialization of Research and Development results, Knowledge-based companies’ role is very important and critical. Unfortunately, these firms experience very serious problems especially in marketing. In this paper, some important points about Technology Marketing will be addressed and the most important requirements of this issue will be presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Trade of Services within the realm of World Trade Organization
Vali SajediThe strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm i MoreThe strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm is not possible and meaningful. Therefore, it is necessary to study about different aspects of commodity, service and industrial property trade. By considering the necessity of joint of Iran to WTO, that is one of the main concerns of capitalists and governors, and since the forth development plan is based upon liberating the commerce; and regading the fact that Iran is accepted as an observer member in WTO (Since 26, May 2005), it is vital that before taking any actions, different aspects of each activity be examined thoroughly. Further more, the legal situation of different services should be examined by the experts to comment upon professional aspects. The above mentioned experts, then, according to the position of services trade in Iran and in the world, evaluate the capacity of different services to recognize the internal market and try to expand it into external markets as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Marketing activities in Small and Medium technology enterprises
Small and medium enterprises have a central role in economic development and it is proposed about 80% of world economic growth is due of them. However, a high percentage of small enterprises are failed very soon. In high-tech field due to dependence on investment and th MoreSmall and medium enterprises have a central role in economic development and it is proposed about 80% of world economic growth is due of them. However, a high percentage of small enterprises are failed very soon. In high-tech field due to dependence on investment and the need for high initial investment, this kind of firms are faced with more difficulties. Lack of knowledge and marketing skills is one of the main reasons for the failure of these companies. It is obvious that marketing is the most important key element for success of technology-based small and medium enterprises and it should be a priority in their activities. The aim of this study is to identify marketing challenges in small and medium-sized technology based companies based on previous studies and experiences in Iranian Science and Technology Parks and Technology Incubators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysis of the Forces Operating in an Entrepreneurial University and Academic Technology Transfer; Interdisciplinary Approach
Amin Pazhohesh Jahromy Javad Pour KarimyThe formation of the entrepreneurial university from the traditional university,is the product of the interaction of the various forces that creativity and collective action is the common characteristics of it. When the University moved to a higher level of energy balan MoreThe formation of the entrepreneurial university from the traditional university,is the product of the interaction of the various forces that creativity and collective action is the common characteristics of it. When the University moved to a higher level of energy balance, in other words, from the traditional to the entrepreneurial university level, balance of the forces to maintain the conditions is required so that university wouldn’t go back to the former situattion. After the formation of the entrepreneur university, similarly forces affect the process of technology transfer and commercialization of research findings As one of the most important topics of the third mission of the university. The present Research uses library research and with use of multidisciplinary perspective, analyzes the forces shaping the entrepreneurial university and technology transfer from the perspective of the dynamics, Social Change, linguistics, the physics of electricity, and psychology. The findings suggests that driving forces and restraining forces (The intensity of the applied research and becoming market university) due to circumstances may help to instability, Change, and finally, stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Identifying Priorities for Acquisition of Technology in an Industrial Organization Case Study of Middle-Class Vessels
Hosein Esbati Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan3000 km of coastline, access to the sea on the north and south of the country, access to the open water (Indian Ocean), are the advantages of the geographical area of marine and maritime industries that made a special place in the economy of the country. Transit maritim More3000 km of coastline, access to the sea on the north and south of the country, access to the open water (Indian Ocean), are the advantages of the geographical area of marine and maritime industries that made a special place in the economy of the country. Transit maritime economy and maximum utilization of sea resources has confirmed the need to replacement of worn out vessels with Landing Crafts. For that matter, the most important goals of this R&D are sea freight, transition and achieving the capacity of producing landing craft vessel. Investors and suppliers to meet the needs of customers in a competitive environment must decide: 1) domestic production, 2) transfer of technology, and 3) a combination of both. This paper has initially studied definitions of technology and technology transfer and different aspects of technology acquisition process, the identification, selection, transfer, exploitation and dissemination. The decision models presented by little and Ford have been studied, based on the data, a model for the study was provided. In the first phase, the project was developed Executive structure of acquisition and division of Duties. The second step is the most important activities, assessment capabilities and industry suppliers that are identified and assessed. Data were analyzed by Ford Models. These results, created clear images for useful decision-making executives, Acquisition of the landing Craft boats were through a joint partnership action. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of access, internal development and transfer, has been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Presenting a Model for Technology Transfer Governance of Cloud Computing
mozhgan marashi neda abdolvandIn recent years, developing countries have followed the use of technological advances and technology transfer of cloud computing is one of these innovations. Using innovations in the domain of information technology enables organizations to improve their economic status MoreIn recent years, developing countries have followed the use of technological advances and technology transfer of cloud computing is one of these innovations. Using innovations in the domain of information technology enables organizations to improve their economic status. As a result, it is necessary for organizations to learn how to manage their process of technology transfer. Technology transfer governance is a new concept that can help organizations in this area. Implementation of technology transfer governance can reduce costs and increase productivity For Organizations and facilitate the progress of organizations towards a competitive advantage. In the scope of new technologies such as cloud computing that success and acceptance needs to overcome the challenges and risks that it is facing, Governance transfer processes of this technology can reduce these challenges. As a result, the use of cloud computing can be extended in organizations and organization will benefit from this extention. Current research objective is fundamental and the methodology used is qualitative–descriptive in which the Library Studies are conducted to collect information. Results of research is presentation of two models of governance.in presentation of these models the COBIT framework is used as an efficient and strong governance framework in the field of information technology. The first proposed model is for technology transfer governance and the second model for technology transfer governance of cloud computing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A Model for the Production and Transfer of Technology Based on Intellectual Property
Mehdi Meregan Jahanshah Charkhtab-moghadamThe empowerment of each country in the fields of science and technology requires attention to indigenous knowledge and, of course, the use of the experiences of developed countries in these areas. Therefore, production and technology transfer should be considered togeth MoreThe empowerment of each country in the fields of science and technology requires attention to indigenous knowledge and, of course, the use of the experiences of developed countries in these areas. Therefore, production and technology transfer should be considered together in order to prevent the waste of time and energy, also provide scientific grounds for localization. This is important when the intellectual property of technology transfer, as a supportive power of the technology owner, is also taken into consideration. Because of its importance, in this paper, by presenting a model, we draw a proper path in the production of domestic technology along with the transfer of technology that has been consulted by the elite. The resulting model explains the process of manufacturing and transferring technology from the legislative stage to the product delivery of the technology. In this model four phases of infrastructure, creation, supportive and final are considered. In the infrastructure phase, the legal dimensions of intellectual property laws as well as methods for creating the right conditions for the transfer and production of technology in the Government, Parliament and the Guardian Council are examined. In the phase of creation, the responsibilities assigned to the relevant ministries, as well as the improvement of the power of science and technology parks along with the appropriate direction for them. The supportive phase is a guarantee of the implementation of the law and, in addition, it has a supportive role in creating a suitable platform for technology vendors. Finally, the process of fusing and commercializing technology in the final phase is examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Role of Technology Transfer from the Import and Export Channel of Industrial Products on Iran's Economic Growth
narges ahmadvand Mohammad Hasan FotrosThe use of Technology in importing and exporting of industrial goods leads to increase in the level of knowledge and the share of industries based on advanced technologies in gross domestic product and export growth. Therefor, in the present research, the role of techno MoreThe use of Technology in importing and exporting of industrial goods leads to increase in the level of knowledge and the share of industries based on advanced technologies in gross domestic product and export growth. Therefor, in the present research, the role of technology has been investigated in increasing the competitive advantage in international trade and economic growth. The transfer of technology via important and export of high, medium and low technology industries and their effect on economic growth has been analyzed and a comprehensive picture of economic growth and the export and import of industries with different levels of technology in Iran and some Asian countries is given. The results show that one of the most important factors for Iran’s economic growth, is to attract technology and then learn to use it in the production cycle to create diversity in production and increase the quality of products and export rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Identification and Evaluation of Effective Factors of Technology Transfer Using Fuzzy AHP Method (case study: Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Mohammad bagheri pebdeni sayyed mohammad reza davoodiIn developed countries, technology transfer may be one of the solutions for the improvement or growth of economic or industrial sectors. However, the success of technology transfer significantly depends on the appropriate choice of technology from the appropriate resour MoreIn developed countries, technology transfer may be one of the solutions for the improvement or growth of economic or industrial sectors. However, the success of technology transfer significantly depends on the appropriate choice of technology from the appropriate resources.The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the effective factors of technology transfer using fuzzy AHP method. Technology transfer can be helpful for this organization in market share and increasing return through innovation of products and better execution of processes, methods of increasing productivity and effectiveness, and this is beneficial to small and normal company’s with limited resources and sizes. In this paper, after reviewing the literature and using expert’s opinion, 24 effective factors is identified which are in 5 categories which includes is: relatively advantageous in financial conditions, advantage marketing and related forces, technical characteristics, juridical and supervision considerations and issues of directorial and guideline. Furthermore, fuzzy AHP method is used to rank the dimensions and structures of these effective factors. Due to the results, the most important criterion in the field of technology transfer of Esfahan’s mobarakeh steel company (MSC) and international organizations of subclasses of the main indicator is juridical and supervision considerations,of foreign investment and based on this the technical use and financing from international organizations and cooperative organizations that have laws about cooperation for improving the environment have an important role in technology transfer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Developement of the Patent Prioritization Model using the Electre Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Technology Selection in a Cellphone Company
mehdi khojasteh Marayam AshrafiWith the advent of growing knowledge of the economy and the rapid growth of technology, intellectual property has become the focus of attention of corporate investment managers and researchers. Patent are considered to be the most important intellectual asset, and one o MoreWith the advent of growing knowledge of the economy and the rapid growth of technology, intellectual property has become the focus of attention of corporate investment managers and researchers. Patent are considered to be the most important intellectual asset, and one of the reasons for this is the extensive research that has been done on the various dimensions of these rights. The patent provides the possessor with the possibility to use the technology exclusively for a limited period (often twenty years). Since many industrial and service companies need to acquire new technologies by the purchase of patent rights to maintain their competitive advantage and sustained business growth, the issue of patent assessment has become a serious challenge in the field of technology. In this research, a model for evaluating and ranking patents based on multi-criteria programming methods is presented and then the resulting model is implemented in a cell phone company. The company is required to choose a technology from four technologies: (1) a dual display, (2) missing phone tracking, (3) wireless communications security, and (4) remote banking to develop its products. The implementation of the model is based on four main criteria: (1) the essence of technology, (2) the cost of technology, (3) the product market, and (4) the technology market in the company led to the choice of wireless security technology. Also the accuracy of the result obtained from the implementation of the research model has been confirmed by the method of ELECTRE. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Participation of Humanities Universities in Cycle of Theorizing And the Role of Humanities Incubators
mohammad hassan hassaniConsidering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory i MoreConsidering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory is conditioned on the operation of the generated knowledge and its movement from the step of analogical reasoning (normative theory) to the inductive argument (the descriptive theory) in the theoretical cycle. Thus, the Test theory in the inductive argument can be considered as the main mission of the Humanities University. In this cycle, the observed anomalies lead to the production of knowledge and theorizing and access to the authority of the Humanities University. In order to move the knowledge cycle from theory to reality and transforming knowledge into a theoretical cycle, from the deductive reasoning (normative theory) to inductive reasoning (descriptive theory), there is a need for universities to target the universities in order to participate in various missions that can identify and explain these abnormalities. This means that in the knowledge production cycle all universities have the same importance in scientific development. Given the intrinsic nature of Humanities Universities in direct relation with society, the establishment of Humanities Incubator can lead to direct association of university professors with the community and create the production of indigenous knowledge of humanities. In fact, these centers can connect with various cultural institutions of the society along the lines of indigenous patterns through the establishment of a business in the field of humanism through the use of professors from the university of humanities and other universities. Such a structure, by removing obstacles to the development of higher education system, will define the ecosystem of education in Humanities Universities, which will be the basis of the theoretization based on indigenous knowledge in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Designing a Model for the Realization of Economic Complexity, Based on the Meta-Analysis of Scientific Research
Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadian Divkoti Hassanali Aghajani meysam shirkhodaei Amir Mansour TehranchianEconomic growth and development are among the main goals of economic policymakers, which have led them to always look for factors that accelerate economic growth. There are different theories in this regard, each of which is one of the factors influencing economic growt MoreEconomic growth and development are among the main goals of economic policymakers, which have led them to always look for factors that accelerate economic growth. There are different theories in this regard, each of which is one of the factors influencing economic growth. One of the reasons for failure in the path of economic development is lack of a model for realizing economic complexity, taking into account the experiences of other countries. This research has been carried out for the purpose of a meta-analysis of research conducted in the field of economic complexity over the past few years. The statistical population of this research is the research on the complexity of the economy between 2011 and the end of 2017. Of the 35 studies reviewed, 22 cases have been identified for proper meta-analysis. These articles have been reviewed in two sections: "Meta-analysis descriptive findings" and "Qualitative assessment of articles". Descriptive findings include the time scale, the frequency of articles, the gender of the researchers and the geographical distribution of the authors and the level of the region studied (national, regional or global). In the quality assessment section, the articles are divided into three groups based on the "Blaikie" triple indicator, why and how they are categorized and analyzed. Then, by examining all the articles studied, the factors emphasized in economic complexity were extracted and in the end, considering these factors, a proposed model is proposed to achieve the complexity of the economy, which can be a way forward for managers and policymakers in the fields Economic and industrial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Identifying and Analyzing the Relationships of Successful Factors of Success with the Fuzzy Dematel Method, Case Study: Tehran Municipality Cultural and Cultural Organization
hadi heidari gharehbolagh meysam ghaffariThe critical success factors for any business are a limited number of areas where satisfactory results in those domains will ensure successful competitive performance for organizations. In fact, the critical success factors for each organization's bottleneck are achievi MoreThe critical success factors for any business are a limited number of areas where satisfactory results in those domains will ensure successful competitive performance for organizations. In fact, the critical success factors for each organization's bottleneck are achieving strategic interests. Key strengths and merits and weaknesses in these areas are known as bottlenecks. In this paper, a method is proposed based on the theme analysis, in which the critical factors of the cultural and artistic organization of the municipality of Tehran as well as the critical factors of the success of the regions are identified and elaborated. Then, during the design of the performance management system of the Tehran Municipality's Cultural and Artistic Organization, and as a result, the need to design key performance indicators and results, critical success factors as sources for extracting these indicators were considered by the researchers of this management system. In the results obtained, the factors influencing the implementation of innovative and effective programs, the delineation of the mission and cultural goals of the organization, the human resources system and reward system, the recognition of the cultural and artistic needs of the people of Tehran, the effectiveness of internal elements, increasing the influence of people in the city of Tehran And satisfaction of the audience as the critical success factors of the cultural-artistic organization of the municipality of Tehran were identified. Finally, for the analysis of the relationships between the critical factors, the fuzzy dematel method was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Identifying and prioritizing the barriers of "technology transfer through foreign direct investment" in the petrochemical industry
seid rokn oldin mortazavinejad fariba nazariThe present study aimed to identify and prioritize the barriers to technology transfer through attracting foreign direct investment in the country's petrochemical industry. This research is in terms of its purpose in terms of exploratory approach and exploratory studies MoreThe present study aimed to identify and prioritize the barriers to technology transfer through attracting foreign direct investment in the country's petrochemical industry. This research is in terms of its purpose in terms of exploratory approach and exploratory studies. The statistical population of the present study was management and academic experts in the petrochemical industry, whose shared point of control was full knowledge of the industry. It should be noted that in the process of selecting this expert group, the "judgment sampling" method was used. Accordingly, a group of 35 experts was selected and contributed to the research. The main tools for collecting data in this research were questionnaires designed for different purposes and distributed among the statistical population. It should be noted that the first questionnaire was designed with the aim of identifying barriers and redesigned. The second questionnaire was screened and categorized identified barriers in a closed way based on the Likert five-point spectrum. Finally, a third questionnaire with the aim of determining the weights and rank of each The obstacles and paired comparisons were designed. After distributing and collecting data, the necessary analyzes were done through the software SSS, MATLAB and Excel. In this process, analyzes such as t-test (t), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, exploratory factor analysis, and fuzzy hierarchical process analysis process were performed. The research results identified 3 main obstacles (host country barriers, guest barriers, technology barriers) and 20 barriers and ranked them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluating the performance of the garment industry with an export approach with Interpretive Structural modelling (ISM)
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi Yasaman ZahedanThe garment industry is one of the important and flourishing industries in the country that seems to grow in the export market besides the internal market. It’s considerable that performance measurement is a vital tool for access to basic improvements and it’s important MoreThe garment industry is one of the important and flourishing industries in the country that seems to grow in the export market besides the internal market. It’s considerable that performance measurement is a vital tool for access to basic improvements and it’s important in management. Therefore this research sought to found important and influencer indicators in the garment industry and determine the relationship between these indicators and their preference for each other. For perform this investigation, 35 indicators, obtained from literature review, filtered using questionnaires and experts opinion and then 16 indicators were selected as basic indicators based on Fridman’s method. Using ISM, a meaningful relationship and the importance of indicators were extracted. Penetration power and dependence of indicators determined with the MICMAC analysis. The ISM model showed that the “quality of design”, “planning”, and “applied education with the aim of export increase” indicators have the most impact and they act such as the infrastructure for the model. Also “new product introduction”, “brand promotion”, “increase ordering level”, “marketing”, “effective presence in international markets” and “financial” indicators stand at the top level of the model and are influenced by other indicators. MICMAC analysis showed that “quality of design”,” quality of adaptation”,” planning”, and “applied education with the aim of export increase” have strong driving power but weak dependence power; As a result, these factors are driving in the garment industry and should be a priority for the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Designing a Structural Interpretive Analysis Model for Factors Affecting the Formation of Knowledge-Based Companies
milad bakhsham nader naderi mahdi hossein pourToday, the most sustainable economic growth is related to the knowledge based economy, in which knowledge based companies play an important role in advancing its goals. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the creation of knowled MoreToday, the most sustainable economic growth is related to the knowledge based economy, in which knowledge based companies play an important role in advancing its goals. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the creation of knowledge-based companies. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. In order to prepare the data, first by reviewing the theoretical foundations and opinions of 21 experts as members of the Delphi panel, 30 factors were identified as effective factors in the creation of knowledge based companies. Experts and research specialists were the managers (owners) of knowledge based companies in Kermanshah province and experts in the field of business and entrepreneurship of Razi University who were selected by purposive sampling method according to indicators such as experience, expertise, willingness and ability to participate and availability. Data collection tool in Delphi method is a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was checked by retest method which was confirmed with a correlation coefficient of 0.70 of the questionnaire and in order to check the validity of the questionnaire, the content content validity coefficient was used. This criterion, each of the factors of the Delphi questionnaire was removed or confirmed. In order to analyze the data obtained from the Delphi method, which is 21 factors affecting the creation of knowledge based companies, the structural-interpretive modeling method was used. Finally, the results showed that the two factors of more attention of the government and universities to the technology transfer offices of universities and providing advice in the field of feasibility, future research and marketing for people wanting to start a knowledge-based company are at the key level of research factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigating ICT on Empowerment Considering Social Capital and Self-Efficacy (Case study: Isfahan Steel Company)
sayyed mohammad reza davoodi javad gharaghaniToday, it is believed that the existing and central phenomenon of the post-industrial age or the information age is information and communication technologies. The high efficiency of such technologies has led to increasing tendencies to invest in this field and to place MoreToday, it is believed that the existing and central phenomenon of the post-industrial age or the information age is information and communication technologies. The high efficiency of such technologies has led to increasing tendencies to invest in this field and to place it within the framework of development plans and the emergence of knowledge-based development plans. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate information and communication technology on empowerment by considering social capital and self-efficacy. The statistical population of the study consists of 130 employees of Isfahan Steel Company during the period 1398 to 1399. Using Morgan table, a sample of 97 people was examined using a questionnaire and the data obtained using statistical software spss 25 and Smart pls were analyzed. The research is descriptive-correlational in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. Data analysis algorithm by partial least squares method which includes: review of measurement models (Cronbach's alpha, hybrid reliability, convergent validity) and structural model fit (factor load coefficients, significance of path coefficients and determination coefficient, model prediction index, good fit), direction The four components of information and communication technology, social capital, self-efficacy and empowerment were evaluated. Fitting of both parts of the data algorithm with combined reliability values equal to 0.894, 0.881, 0.864, 0.821 and convergent validity equal to 0.661, 0.702, 0.631 and 0.689, respectively, also indicates the desirability and The acceptability of the latent structure was at the level of indicators and components, so the final model was able to properly express the relationships between the questions describing the variable. Also, the findings of this study showed that information and communication technology is effective on empowerment by considering social capital and self-efficacy in Isfahan Steel Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The role of big data management in improving the decision-making of banking organizations (Case study of Sepah Bank)
Yaser Ghasemi Nezhad peyman hajizadeh Hamed KordiIn recent years, the size of data in the world has increased dramatically several times. Banks also generate large amounts of data in their processes and sometimes spend exorbitant costs to collect and maintain it. Some banking industry experts estimate a sevenfold incr MoreIn recent years, the size of data in the world has increased dramatically several times. Banks also generate large amounts of data in their processes and sometimes spend exorbitant costs to collect and maintain it. Some banking industry experts estimate a sevenfold increase in existing data by 2020. Today, big data technology is considered as a solution to exploit and use this volume of information. However, reviewing and processing big data as well as examining the effectiveness of its use in the field of banking is considered as a challenge. Therefore, in this study, the role of big data management in improving the decision-making of banking organizations (Case study of Sepah Bank) was investigated. For this purpose, the statistical population of this study includes 130 experts from all departments of the information technology department of Sepah Bank, which was not sampled due to the limited statistical population. The standard 20-item big data management questionnaire, the 22-item decision-making empowerment questionnaire and the 10-item decision-making quality questionnaire based on Shamim et al.'s (2019) research were the basis of research after localization. Descriptive and inferential results of research data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and PLS software. The results showed that organizational culture with a coefficient of 0.446 has the most positive and significant relationship with empowerment. Empowerment also has a positive and significant relationship with a coefficient of 0.645 with decision effectiveness and a coefficient of 0.884 with decision efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Provide a Pattern Sustainable Tourism Development with Emphasis on Technology Commercialization in Iran
shirin amirhosseini سید محمدرضا حسینی Roohalla samieeIn today's era, many development planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar of economic development and believe that the basic method of tourism development is to achieve sustainable development, and the develop ent of sustainable tourism increases ta MoreIn today's era, many development planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar of economic development and believe that the basic method of tourism development is to achieve sustainable development, and the develop ent of sustainable tourism increases tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. The aim of the this research was to present a model of sustainable tourism development with an emphasis on technology commercialization in Iran, which was done in a combined manner and is practical in terms of purpose and based on the descriptive-correlation method. Factors affecting the development of tourism were identified with an emphasis on technology commercialization based on in-depth interviews with 11 academic and organizational experts. The output of this stage was 35 components in the form of 4 dimensions: technology, economic, market awareness, laws and guidelines, That were leveled with interpretive structural modeling method and clustered with Mic Mac analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the economic dimensions, market knowledge, rules and guidelines are in the first level, and the technological dimension is in the second level. The economic dimension is in the dependent cluster, the dimensions of market knowledge, rules and guidelines are in the linked cluster and the technology dimension is in the independent cluster. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that information and communication technology tools should be seen in all official and unofficial tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigating the effect of strategic intelligence on entrepreneurial behavior and organizational development in the university
nima ranji ali pourfalahEntrepreneurial behavior and organizational development can provide the necessary capacity to respond effectively to environmental requirements and enable the university to be effective through purposeful development of capabilities and competencies of university mana MoreEntrepreneurial behavior and organizational development can provide the necessary capacity to respond effectively to environmental requirements and enable the university to be effective through purposeful development of capabilities and competencies of university managers, technology development to achieve continuous technological innovation. In this study, the effect of strategic intelligence on entrepreneurial behavior and organizational development of the university has been investigated. This research is based on the type of applied goal. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of this study was university administrators in Guilan province and a sample size of 204 people was obtained through Cochran's formula. The results show that out of 10 hypotheses presented in the research, 6 hypotheses were confirmed. Strategic intelligence and organizational development have a significant effect on the organizational development of Islamic Azad universities in Gilan province. Gender, age, educational experiences and educational levels moderate the relationship between strategic intelligence and organizational development of Islamic Azad universities in Gilan province. But gender, age, educational experiences and educational levels do not moderate the relationship between strategic intelligence and entrepreneurial behavior of Islamic Azad universities in Gilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Identifying and prioritizing the dimensions of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in conversion industries of Golestan province by combined fuzzy Delphi and Swara methods
Ali Soukhtanlou abdolghani rastegar Hadi SanaeepourEconomy of Golestan province; It is based on the production of agricultural products; In such a way that the high rank of agricultural production, high share of employment as well as favorable geographical conditions; It has created numerous entrepreneurial opportunitie MoreEconomy of Golestan province; It is based on the production of agricultural products; In such a way that the high rank of agricultural production, high share of employment as well as favorable geographical conditions; It has created numerous entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of agriculture and conversion industries. Take advantage of these opportunities; It takes place in the context of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which has been considered by planners and policy makers of entrepreneurship development in recent years. The purpose of this study is identify and prioritize the dimensions of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in the conversion industries of Golestan province, which was done by a mixed exploratory method in two qualitative and quantitative steps. In the qualitative step of the research, library studies, internet searches and interviews with technological entrepreneurship experts were used, and using the content analysis method; Dimensions of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem were identified. Then, using fuzzy Delphi method in three rounds, the dimensions were evaluated by experts. Dimension prioritization was also done using Swara method. Because any entrepreneurial ecosystem; It has its own dimensions, features and coordinates, so to plan to improve the situation of conversion industries in Golestan province, it was necessary to know the characteristics of the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in this industry, which based on the research findings; Knowledge-based entrepreneurial structures of science and technology parks; Growth centers and university research centers; Business clusters; Financing; Legal issues and recruitment; Technology transfer and commercialization were identified as the most important dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Modeling Cloud Accounting Risk Reduction Strategies with a Structural-Interpretive Approach
sakineh tajari Ali Khozein majid ashrafi Jamadverdi Gorganli DavajiCloud accounting not only introduces specific risks to the accounting process, but also some of the known risks associated with other cloud-based applications. Considering the great importance of risk reduction strategies in accepting cloud accounting, the aim of this s MoreCloud accounting not only introduces specific risks to the accounting process, but also some of the known risks associated with other cloud-based applications. Considering the great importance of risk reduction strategies in accepting cloud accounting, the aim of this study is to investigate the strategies for reducing cloud accounting risks in Iran using structural-interpretive modeling. the research methodology is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods that are used to collect the components of strategies for reducing cloud accounting risks from a qualitative method by examining theoretical foundations and performing fuzzy Delphi analysis with the participation of 16 accounting faculty members as experts. In a small part, through the formation of its own structural interaction matrix, it seeks structural-interpretive modeling, which has been done in this part with the participation of 12 faculty members in the field of accounting. the results show that the most basic strategies to reduce cloud accounting risks are based on the prioritization of the acceptance plan. Also at the highest level and least effective strategies to reduce the risks of cloud accounting is to provide timely and adequate training for employees. the most important strategy is to reduce the risks of cloud accounting and should be considered more than other strategies. research findings can fill the research gap in the field of cloud accounting and be useful for managers in decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Examining the Status of Iran in the Global Innovation Index
AmirAli Karimi Ali MalekiToday, many countries look at the phenomenon of innovation as a tool for economic growth and development. The existence of many complexities in the path of creation to the application of innovation has caused many scholars to consider innovation in the form of an ecosys MoreToday, many countries look at the phenomenon of innovation as a tool for economic growth and development. The existence of many complexities in the path of creation to the application of innovation has caused many scholars to consider innovation in the form of an ecosystem. One of the reports that measures the innovation ecosystem in detail is the Global Innovation Index. This index examines different aspects of innovation by using seven pillars, each of these pillars has three sub-pillars and each sub-pillar has a number of indicators. With a history of 12 years in the report, Iran has gone through a growing trend, so that it has reached from the 120th rank in 2014 to the 53rd rank in 2022. The study of Iran's situation in various indicators shows that the country has a very favorable situation in the world in the education of university graduates, scholarly publications and domestic patents, while it has an unfavorable situation in the indicators related to the business environment and innovation collaborations. Due to the lack of data or not being up-to-date, Iran's situation in some indicators and sub-columns cannot be accurately cited. This point clearly shows that the policy maker must have an up-to-date internal database to evaluate the innovation ecosystem in order to adopt effective and flexible policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis and evaluation of innovation ecosystems, a case study of Yazd and Mazandaran
Mostafa Karimian Eghbal Ardalan Oshani MohammadReza Khodabakhshi Ali Motamedzadegan Mohammad Mahdi LotfiToday, innovation, flexibility and readiness for change are the most important factors for economic development in different countries. Examining the experiences of other countries and the new approaches of the world regarding sustainable development based on innovation MoreToday, innovation, flexibility and readiness for change are the most important factors for economic development in different countries. Examining the experiences of other countries and the new approaches of the world regarding sustainable development based on innovation, points out that moving towards a knowledge-based economy requires the recognition of innovation as the main factor. On the other hand, innovation is a complex process, and in order to achieve an innovative and sustainable business environment, a set of actors, stakeholders, infrastructures, policies, as well as a set of norms and rules must exist together and be able to interact well with each other as a network. Such a complex environment has a behavior similar to natural ecosystems, where component interacts with each other. Therefore, in recent years, a model has been introduced to describe innovation ecosystems, which is called the rainforest model. In this article, an attempt has been made to describe the behavior of innovation ecosystems from the perspective of this model. This model provides a tool called the rainforest scorecard, which is a suitable measure for evaluating and analyzing innovation ecosystems. In the second half of this article, the evaluation and analysis of two innovation ecosystems of Yazd and Mazandaran provinces have been done using this model. The results of this survey show that the Yazd innovation ecosystem is in a much better condition in terms of hardware than the software aspect and the culture that dominates the ecosystem. But in Mazandaran, both the hardware and software parameters of the ecosystem are more or less similar to each other and need to be strengthened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - An examination of the effects of online streaming platforms based on social media on consumers' impulsive purchases based on communication source characteristics and product features
Hossein Hajibabaei Mahziyar AkbariThe increasing growth and development of new technologies based on Internet communication has caused the creation and formation of a highly interactive marketing communication channel in the context of social media. Online streaming based on social media is a new, effic MoreThe increasing growth and development of new technologies based on Internet communication has caused the creation and formation of a highly interactive marketing communication channel in the context of social media. Online streaming based on social media is a new, efficient and attractive platform that in recent years we have seen an increase in its use for advertising purposes, which indicates the creation of countless opportunities for business growth in the context of these channels. Using the stimulus, organism, and response model, this research investigates the factors affecting people's impulsive purchases in online streaming platforms, focusing on the features of the streamer and the product itself. This research is applied, descriptive and survey, and collected information from the audience of online streams using an online questionnaire. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the attractiveness and expertise of the streamer (characteristics related to the source) have an effect on the perceived enjoyment, and things such as the perceived usefulness of the product, ease of purchase, and the price of the product (characteristics related to the product) have an effect and they influence the perceived usefulness, and the intention to buy without an individual's plan in online streaming environments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Transparency, Actors' Trust and Social Influence in the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (A Case Study of European Tourists)
Yazdan Shirmohammadi Nikooee Alireza sinaei sinaeiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Facilitating Conditions, Transparency, Stakeholder Trust, Social Influence and Performance Expectancy on the Adoption of Blockchain Technology through the Intention to use Technology in the Tourism Industry; Case st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Facilitating Conditions, Transparency, Stakeholder Trust, Social Influence and Performance Expectancy on the Adoption of Blockchain Technology through the Intention to use Technology in the Tourism Industry; Case study: Travel Services Offices in Tehran which based on the practical purpose, based on The data collection time is survey. Its validity and reliability were confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test for the whole questionnaire at 0.76. The statistical population of this study includes managers and staff of travel service offices in Tehran and the sample size is 384 people and the sampling method is available. The data analysis method to evaluate the hypotheses is a simple, multiple and mediated regression model. According to the findings, Behavioral Intention, Performance Expectancy, Social Impact (Social Influence), Facilitating Conditions on Behavioral Expectations for Blockchain Adoption had a positive and significant effect, but Trust among Supply chain Stakeholders did not have a positive and significant effect on Behavioral Intention to use Blockchain. The findings of this research indicate that the activity of Iran's tourism industry, using blockchain as a communication platform to pay for services, has a positive and effective effect on foreign tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effects of Start-up Visas on the Future of the Innovation Ecosystem and Entrepreneurship of Countries
MohammadAmin Mowla Bahram SalavatiDuring the last decades, the global competition to hunt talent has intensified. Therefore, three is a great competition among new and traditional receiving countries to attract entrepreneurs and skilled migrants who have the considerable ability to create jobs or econom MoreDuring the last decades, the global competition to hunt talent has intensified. Therefore, three is a great competition among new and traditional receiving countries to attract entrepreneurs and skilled migrants who have the considerable ability to create jobs or economic benefits. In this regard, receiving countries through some specific programs like startup visas pave the road for innovative entrepreneurs and startup founders. This paper, reviews what startup visas are, how the countries apply them for attracting entrepreneurs and startups and finally considers the bilateral effects of startup visas on entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem of countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Drivers and inhibitors of the diffusion of "near field communication" technology in the mobile phone payment system in Iran
Mehran Madady mohammadali keramati Hossein Moinzad Seyed Abdollah Amin MousaviThe main purpose of this research, which is taken from the doctoral thesis, is to measure the intention to use NFC technology in the mobile phone payment system in Iran based on the technology readiness model and also to identify the drivers and inhibitors of using this MoreThe main purpose of this research, which is taken from the doctoral thesis, is to measure the intention to use NFC technology in the mobile phone payment system in Iran based on the technology readiness model and also to identify the drivers and inhibitors of using this technology in the banking system and economy of the country. From the point of view of the purpose, this research is practical and the research method used includes the study of available sources, forming a group of experts, conducting interviews and summarizing the views and applying them in the implementation of the research process, as well as surveying the views of users through a questionnaire, and from The partial least squares method is used to analyze the structural equations. In this research, the indicators of the technology readiness model (innovation, optimism, discomfort and insecurity), the positive (responsiveness, intelligence) and negative (unavailability) characteristics of technology, as well as the technology acceptance model (perceived ease of use and perceived benefit) are used. In order to evaluate the factors affecting the intention to use NFC technology in the mobile phone payment system and to extract the driving and inhibiting factors of its diffusion. The results of this research show that innovation, optimism and responsiveness have a positive effect on the intention to use NFC technology in the mobile payment system and are considered driving indicators, but insecurity and the lack of access to technology are inhibiting factors. Application and intention to use this technology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - On the use of Intelligent Information Retrieval in Patent Prior-Art Search
Habibollah Asghari Azadeh ShakeryPatents play an important role in Intellectual Property protection. So, in recent years a considerable attention has been paid to patent and prior-art search. In process of patent application filing, searching in the previous patent database is of great importance. Pat MorePatents play an important role in Intellectual Property protection. So, in recent years a considerable attention has been paid to patent and prior-art search. In process of patent application filing, searching in the previous patent database is of great importance. Patent examiners search in a huge database of patents to find if there exists any similarity between applicant’s claim and the previous registered patents. This process that called patent invalidity run, is one of the important stages of patent registration. Because of legal aspects of this process, the searcher should not leave any relevant patent document. So patent searching is essentially a recall-oriented issue in information retrieval applications. In recent years, the use of intelligent information retrieval in this search process has been investigated by many researchers. In this paper we investigate various methods of information retrieval that have been proven to be effective in retrieving relevant results. The survey also has focused on query formulation and how to transform a query patent into a search query. So we have explored different factors of a successful transformation, such as how many query words should be used, where to extract query words, how to weight them and whether to use noun-phrases instead of individual words. Furthermore, the survey covers researches that combine different features and has been proven to make a significant improvement in retrieval performance. Manuscript profile