تجاري‌سازي

Open Access Article

1 - How to Allocate University Spin-off Companies Equity Among their Owners
Bahman Facoor

Iranian academic sector is approaching research commercialization, although, creation of university spin-offs is an initial experience in this sector. Legislation of “knowledge based firms support and commercialization of invention and innovations” has provided great op More

Iranian academic sector is approaching research commercialization, although, creation of university spin-offs is an initial experience in this sector. Legislation of “knowledge based firms support and commercialization of invention and innovations” has provided great opportunity for the creation of this type of firms in universities and research institutes. But universities and research institutes are still required to complete their infrastructures including rules and regulations needed for the creation of spin-offs. One of the most important of these is "allocation of university spin-off equity among their owners" regulation. Owners of university spin-offs are universities and research institutes, inventor researchers, investors and external entrepreneurs. Allocation of spin-off equity among these parties satisfactorily, is one of the important challenges to spin-off creation in universities and research institutes. This article first tries to identify founders and other parties that are gradually added to owners of spin-off companies. Then stakeholder's equity determinant factors will be discussed. Finally implementation of a framework for the allocation of spin-off companies' equity among their owners will be raised. 10 universities in America, Britain and Canada with spin-off creation experience have been studied in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza Bandarian

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol More

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Review of the Commercialization Linear Model
Ayda Matin Shadi Mohammad zadeh

The master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new tec More

The master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new technologies to the commercially successful products. Commercialization is containing different arrays of technical, commercial and financial process which converts the new technology into the useful products or services. In other word, commercialization of research findings is the link between technology and market and the focus of it is on the end rings of value chain. Since delivering a product to the market can be the guarantee of organization success and survival, commercialization, the technical knowledge is known as a vital factor. In research organizations, research doesn’t have meaning without product commercialization. Because producing or testing an idea seems useless without access to the product special customers. In order to apply the concept of commercialization in organizations, it’s necessary to be familiar with the commercialization models. A classification of commercialization models are classified into two categories: linear and functional. Due to the importance of linear models, in this article after checking the concept of commercialization, we will check the most important commercial linear models. The linear models are the Goldsmith, Kokobu, Cooper, Rothwell & Zegfeld model, Andrew & Sirkin, Jolley, and the Yeong–Deok Lee models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Importance of Multiplicity and Variety of Resources in Success of Forming Process in Research Spin-Off (RSO) Companies
Mazaher Ziyaei

The importance of creating Research Spin Off (RSO) companies as the most tangible tool in commercialization of research achievements, increasingly catches more attentions. But it is the most complex tool, too. The main aspect of this complexity is multiplicity and varie More

The importance of creating Research Spin Off (RSO) companies as the most tangible tool in commercialization of research achievements, increasingly catches more attentions. But it is the most complex tool, too. The main aspect of this complexity is multiplicity and variety of resources which should be available at the right time and portion for success of the process. The aim of this article is showing this multiplicity and variety of resources and their role in policy making for successful RSO companies, by having a glance at Iran’s circumstances. It starts by having a look at the RSO concepts and the studies of their formation in an "open innovation model", then the two aspects of this process; knowledge and the financial and necessary resources for developing in these companies are studied. It shows that financing is not the only needed resource at the beginning stages, but a variety of technical, financial, social and human resources are needed, too. The existence of experienced consultant teams, access to scientific, technologic, industrial and commercial networks and experts of technology transferring, commercialization and management of growth companies are some of them. In conclusion it emphasizes that in Iran only some resources for the start stages are considered but more resources are needed in the middle and final stages of process . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Spin-off companies establishment process in Universities and Research institutions
Bahman Facoor

University spin-off companies can be established based on research findings with contribution of relevant research groups and probably parent universities and research institutions. These companies are considered one of the most important mechanisms for research commerc More

University spin-off companies can be established based on research findings with contribution of relevant research groups and probably parent universities and research institutions. These companies are considered one of the most important mechanisms for research commercialization and most profitable for parent institutions and on the other hand will cause economic development. This article is aimed to submit a university spin-off establishment process for use in universities and research institutions. To prepare this guide line the findings from papers in addition of current process that are used in other countries universities with successful experience in research commercialization and spin-off creation has been used. The following steps are defined as spin- off company creation process: Primary decision for spin-off creation (Idea generation and opportunity identification), Primary evaluation of spin-off creation feasibility, Primary approval of universities and research institutions for spin-off creation, Search for executives and agreement with them, Primary search for partners and investors and negotiation with them, Preparation of the main business plan, Evaluation of the main business plan by universities or research institutions, partners and investors, Definition and formation of company management structure and registration of company, Final agreement with partners and investors about the amount and manner of their participation and equities, Technology licensing from universities or research institutions, Universities or research institutions approval for attendance of founder researchers in company according to agreed plan, Preparation of company legal documents, Definition and formation of company board of directors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Technomart, the Missing Link in Knowledg- based Economy
Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdooz Seyed reza Hoseini

Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating More

Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges. Science & Technology Parks (STPs) have been founded in order to lesson the mismatch between university researches and its turning into technology. However the process of Technology commercial development witch in turn includes 5 sub- process (generation, transfer, attraction and domestication, distribution and documentation) is still inharmoniously and incompletely going on A stale- of the- art structure facilitating technology exchange, and extremely facilitates the connection between technology resources and users. This paper is portraying the techno mart as one of the vital structures in developing and commercializing the technology and fields of its services and then examining the typology of its relationship with science & technology parks, universities and research institutes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Determining the Process of Technological Innovation: from Generation to Commercialization and Diffusion of the Idea
Yaser Ghasemi nejad

10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.004

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.50.6.2

Not only innovation being the foundation and basis for technology, but also is considering as a driver of technological changes in organization. That means the transition and evolution of technology depends to the creativity and innovation. Thus industrial organizations More

Not only innovation being the foundation and basis for technology, but also is considering as a driver of technological changes in organization. That means the transition and evolution of technology depends to the creativity and innovation. Thus industrial organizations by the process of new and innovative products and services make changes in technology frontiers. Considering researches have been done in a context of innovation, we can see that lots of researchers referred to the importance of innovation process to intensify competitiveness and productivity. But, in related to determining the critical phases in process of technological innovation, a comprehensive research has not been observed. In this research with using Content Analysis Method, a new category of critical dimensions, components, and indicators in technological innovation process of organization, has been represented by surveying the past studies in relation with innovation process. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of technological innovation process, research's result subdivided in three dimensions accompanied with its components and indicators namely “Idea Generation”, “Idea Implementation”, and “Commercialization and Diffusion”. Based on this research organizations should more focus on idea evaluation and implementation dimension. Finally indicators like “growing process of idea concepts in a practical and usable way”, “identification of problems and needs of the organization”, “employee’s freedom in doing work process”, and also “using marketing knowledge, and selling and diffusion skills” have been the most important indicators affecting in Implementation of technological innovation process Manuscript profile

Current Issue

Published Issues

Menu

Browse

List of Articles تجاري‌سازي