Commercialization

Open Access Article

1 - Explanation of the Structural Model of the Impact of Technology Attributes on Technology Commercialization from the Viewpoint of the Managers of Knowledge-based Companies Case study: Guilan Science&Technology Park
Mohammad Taleghani Mehrdad Godarzvand Chegini Bahareh Pourmoradi

Technology Commercialization plays an important role in improving society welfare. Moreover, to be eligible, a company must meet all criteria and features in supplying a new product to the market. A technology should have diverse unique features in order to attract cust More

Technology Commercialization plays an important role in improving society welfare. Moreover, to be eligible, a company must meet all criteria and features in supplying a new product to the market. A technology should have diverse unique features in order to attract customers attention and be a great market potential for its product or service. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of technology features on technology commercialization. According to the innovation diffusion theory, technology features conclude innovation, publicity, simplicity and consistency. The questionnaires were distributed among 130 SME’s of Guilan Science and Technology Park. Among the 130 questionnaires, 97 questionnaires were answered; therefore the final evaluation has been accomplished based on 97 questionnaires. In addition to the confirmation of extracted model, research results showed that each of the relevant variables directly affects the technology commercialization. According to the results, the most effective factors on technology commercialization relate to the variables such as consistency and simplicity while publicity and innovation are on the next level of importance. The results also prove the effect of technology features on market potential and the effect of on market potential on commercialization. In conclusion, there is a direct, positive and significant relation between technology attributes and market potential, but the impact of technology features on commercialization occurs indirectly as an intermediate structure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - How to Allocate University Spin-off Companies Equity Among their Owners
Bahman Facoor

Iranian academic sector is approaching research commercialization, although, creation of university spin-offs is an initial experience in this sector. Legislation of “knowledge based firms support and commercialization of invention and innovations” has provided great op More

Iranian academic sector is approaching research commercialization, although, creation of university spin-offs is an initial experience in this sector. Legislation of “knowledge based firms support and commercialization of invention and innovations” has provided great opportunity for the creation of this type of firms in universities and research institutes. But universities and research institutes are still required to complete their infrastructures including rules and regulations needed for the creation of spin-offs. One of the most important of these is "allocation of university spin-off equity among their owners" regulation. Owners of university spin-offs are universities and research institutes, inventor researchers, investors and external entrepreneurs. Allocation of spin-off equity among these parties satisfactorily, is one of the important challenges to spin-off creation in universities and research institutes. This article first tries to identify founders and other parties that are gradually added to owners of spin-off companies. Then stakeholder's equity determinant factors will be discussed. Finally implementation of a framework for the allocation of spin-off companies' equity among their owners will be raised. 10 universities in America, Britain and Canada with spin-off creation experience have been studied in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza Bandarian

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol More

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Review of the Commercialization Linear Model
Ayda Matin Shadi Mohammad zadeh

The master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new tec More

The master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new technologies to the commercially successful products. Commercialization is containing different arrays of technical, commercial and financial process which converts the new technology into the useful products or services. In other word, commercialization of research findings is the link between technology and market and the focus of it is on the end rings of value chain. Since delivering a product to the market can be the guarantee of organization success and survival, commercialization, the technical knowledge is known as a vital factor. In research organizations, research doesn’t have meaning without product commercialization. Because producing or testing an idea seems useless without access to the product special customers. In order to apply the concept of commercialization in organizations, it’s necessary to be familiar with the commercialization models. A classification of commercialization models are classified into two categories: linear and functional. Due to the importance of linear models, in this article after checking the concept of commercialization, we will check the most important commercial linear models. The linear models are the Goldsmith, Kokobu, Cooper, Rothwell & Zegfeld model, Andrew & Sirkin, Jolley, and the Yeong–Deok Lee models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Commercialization in Innovation Management and Introduce Major Commercialization Models for High Tech Industries
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Kalanhaei

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exp More

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Successful Technology Commercialization Through Team Approach
Mostafa Baghdadi Marziyah Sahverdi

Ideation, research, and technological innovation is valuable when leads to wealth creation. Commercialization is a way for linking science to economy and create wealth from innovation. Several factors, such as creative thinking, appropriate know-how, entrepreneurial thi More

Ideation, research, and technological innovation is valuable when leads to wealth creation. Commercialization is a way for linking science to economy and create wealth from innovation. Several factors, such as creative thinking, appropriate know-how, entrepreneurial thinking and spirit, and financial resources, need to get together to gain success in technology development and commercialization. But rarely an individual can have all these features. So the best solution for successful commercialization is formation of a team of four different characters with the above properties: These characters are inventor/innovator, investor, technologist and entrepreneure. This paper implies definition and concepts of commercialization, and thirteen steps in commercialization process, from ideation to success development and growth. Then introduces “innovation team” as one of the solutions for successful commercialization and describes the characteristics of team members and their roles at different stages of commercialization. In order to achieve more and better results in the area of commercialization, at the end of the paper there are recommendations with regard to Iran’s conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Importance of Multiplicity and Variety of Resources in Success of Forming Process in Research Spin-Off (RSO) Companies
Mazaher Ziyaei

The importance of creating Research Spin Off (RSO) companies as the most tangible tool in commercialization of research achievements, increasingly catches more attentions. But it is the most complex tool, too. The main aspect of this complexity is multiplicity and varie More

The importance of creating Research Spin Off (RSO) companies as the most tangible tool in commercialization of research achievements, increasingly catches more attentions. But it is the most complex tool, too. The main aspect of this complexity is multiplicity and variety of resources which should be available at the right time and portion for success of the process. The aim of this article is showing this multiplicity and variety of resources and their role in policy making for successful RSO companies, by having a glance at Iran’s circumstances. It starts by having a look at the RSO concepts and the studies of their formation in an "open innovation model", then the two aspects of this process; knowledge and the financial and necessary resources for developing in these companies are studied. It shows that financing is not the only needed resource at the beginning stages, but a variety of technical, financial, social and human resources are needed, too. The existence of experienced consultant teams, access to scientific, technologic, industrial and commercial networks and experts of technology transferring, commercialization and management of growth companies are some of them. In conclusion it emphasizes that in Iran only some resources for the start stages are considered but more resources are needed in the middle and final stages of process . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Technology Exploitation Mechanisms In Biotechnology
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Kalanhaei

20.1001.1.17355486.1391.8.31.7.0

Biotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its ca More

Biotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its capabilities and extended applications. Most biotech companies are small start ups and although they have been working for several years in this area, they have not been able to achieve significant profitability yet. The evidence proves that there are some problems in process of translating research findings into commercial outcomes. The term commercialization strategy is refers to research and technology exploitation methods in front of researchers and scientists to move their science streams from concept to the market environment. This article intended to identify and introduce the most appropriate strategy of research commercialization in the Iranian biotechnology companies through the mixed methods study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Spin-off companies establishment process in Universities and Research institutions
Bahman Facoor

University spin-off companies can be established based on research findings with contribution of relevant research groups and probably parent universities and research institutions. These companies are considered one of the most important mechanisms for research commerc More

University spin-off companies can be established based on research findings with contribution of relevant research groups and probably parent universities and research institutions. These companies are considered one of the most important mechanisms for research commercialization and most profitable for parent institutions and on the other hand will cause economic development. This article is aimed to submit a university spin-off establishment process for use in universities and research institutions. To prepare this guide line the findings from papers in addition of current process that are used in other countries universities with successful experience in research commercialization and spin-off creation has been used. The following steps are defined as spin- off company creation process: Primary decision for spin-off creation (Idea generation and opportunity identification), Primary evaluation of spin-off creation feasibility, Primary approval of universities and research institutions for spin-off creation, Search for executives and agreement with them, Primary search for partners and investors and negotiation with them, Preparation of the main business plan, Evaluation of the main business plan by universities or research institutions, partners and investors, Definition and formation of company management structure and registration of company, Final agreement with partners and investors about the amount and manner of their participation and equities, Technology licensing from universities or research institutions, Universities or research institutions approval for attendance of founder researchers in company according to agreed plan, Preparation of company legal documents, Definition and formation of company board of directors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Development of Commercialization of the Scientific Achievements through Pilot Plant Research
Reza Mahdi

Based on national innovation system, commercialization of the research achievements is of great importance and possesses a special stance in the scientific, technological, economic and social systems. Despite the importance and value of commercialization of the resear More

Based on national innovation system, commercialization of the research achievements is of great importance and possesses a special stance in the scientific, technological, economic and social systems. Despite the importance and value of commercialization of the research results, there are always many issues and problems that prevent fulfillment of commercialization goals on the commercialization process. One of the main barriers of commercialization is inefficiency of methods and lack of applying scientific-experimental methodology. This paper, using hybrid methodology of documental review and survey research, with regard to concepts and models of the commercialization of research achievements, proposes pilot plan research as an essential solution for a technical-economical feasibility study, risk management and linkage of the research achievements to industrial production, and also develops its process. Based on the suggested solution, once the scientific research result in a systematic form is attained, pilot plan research with a specific road map and business plan is achieved so that the final production with more confidence, less amount of risk and expenses is prepared for mass production. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Definition of University Spin-off Companies; Importance and Typology
Bahman Facoor

Creation of university spin-off companies as an academically entrepreneurship activity can be considered as a growing mechanism for university technology transfer. In comparison with technology licensing, Spin-off companies create higher financial return for owners of t More

Creation of university spin-off companies as an academically entrepreneurship activity can be considered as a growing mechanism for university technology transfer. In comparison with technology licensing, Spin-off companies create higher financial return for owners of technology and will play an important role to regional and national economic development. This paper is to define university spin-offs in more detail and make clear the importance of these companies. University authorities‌ are interested in these companies, but need to know about different types of these companies for establishment and management university spin-offs. So, in this paper we have also tried to submit a comprehensive categorization of university spin-offs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Benefits and Challenges of Commercialization of Research Centers Findings in Existing Industries
Rooholah Ghabezi

Research and development couldnt promote public welfare and national wealth without commercialization. Commercialization is one of the complicated stages of technological innovation process and there is no deterministic pattern for this stage. The minimum requirements f More

Research and development couldnt promote public welfare and national wealth without commercialization. Commercialization is one of the complicated stages of technological innovation process and there is no deterministic pattern for this stage. The minimum requirements for successful commercialization of new technologies are as follows: adequate demand in market, superior potential performance to responses this demand, and an entrepreneurship organization or person with the sufficient resources, marketing and managing capabilities for delivering final product to market. One way to facilitating and accelerating commercialization is benefiting from exiting industries, which have required equipments to commercialize research findings and also have free capacity. In this paper after defining commercialization, benefits of using existing industries to commercializing research centers finings will be explain and then some of the current barriers which are in industries and research centers to benefit of existing industry for commercialization research results will described. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Technology Commercialization as the Effective Function in Technology and Economy Development
Reza Radfar Abbas Khamseh Hesameddin Madani

Nowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical functi More

Nowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical function has been greatly magnified. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and no technology and product would come into market successfully without it. Producing contexts for knowledge and technology, can create noticeable economical values for organizations, and also leads to economical and technological growth of the society. In this paper, we try to introduce the technology commercialization and its process, and also reviewing the importance of technology commercialization and its role in development of new technologies. Along with it, the important functions which are effective in technology commercialization and its success, classification, and technology commercialization risks will be reviewed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Properties and Importance of Development and Innovation Centers and Management of Them
Abass Khamse Mahya Alimardanian

adays, since there are some limitations for basic researches by global competition, so organizations mostly do critical and essential researches. Global communication, easier and cheaper access to so many scientific information and knowledge are removing the necessity o More

adays, since there are some limitations for basic researches by global competition, so organizations mostly do critical and essential researches. Global communication, easier and cheaper access to so many scientific information and knowledge are removing the necessity of conducting new researches and establishing new sciences. We do have to pay money for gaining knowledge, but it seems knowledge leads development and innovation and it will create money and causes economic development. In this paper, we are going to introduce development and innovation, and also the importance of them in economy and technology development. Besides, the difference between development and innovation centers and the properties of them will be studied. Meanwhile, since the properties of human recourses are very important, we will investigate these properties. At the end, we will state some comments about the management of mentioned items. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - : Launching New Technology to Existing Industries; A Solution for Facilitating Commercialization
Ahmad Mosaei

Research results without commercialization could not be sources of public welfare and national wealth. Undoubtedly, commercialization and transferring research findings to the industry and market area is one of the complicated stages of innovation process. One of the wa More

Research results without commercialization could not be sources of public welfare and national wealth. Undoubtedly, commercialization and transferring research findings to the industry and market area is one of the complicated stages of innovation process. One of the ways to overcome this challenge is benefiting from existing industries or plants which has required equipments for industrialization of technology and also has free capacity. In this paper, at first the benefits of utilizing existing industries for commercialization some of new technologies are described. Then a scientific methodology introduced to explain and implement the ability to launch of new technologies into existing plant in Research institute for Petroleum Industry (RIPI). This methodology benefits from principles of modular design and robust design. After introducing the methodology, a case study is presented which has been carried out by this methodology to launch a new technology in one of the existing plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - A know-how on Commercializing Process Model for Chemical Products
Sasan Sadraei Ahmad Mosaei

The Know-how Commercialization is one of the most complicated issues that Research institute is facing nowadays. Difficulties and special structure of each of technologies have caused problems in commercialization processes. Lack of integration between the component of More

The Know-how Commercialization is one of the most complicated issues that Research institute is facing nowadays. Difficulties and special structure of each of technologies have caused problems in commercialization processes. Lack of integration between the component of commercialization process and companys strategy may duplicate the difficulties. In this paper, a commercialization process framework for chemical products with emphasizing on RIPI strategy was developed in order to hold the system integrity. After all, a case study for a chemical product of RIPI, based on the framework will be delivered, and at last the results will be discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Design of Opportunities Selection Model and their Commercialization in R&D Centres
Ahmad Mosaei

Nowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merel More

Nowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merely competitive advantage and only organizations could be sustainable that have installed R&D. Hence this paper aim to develop a directive model for R&D centers in Iran to improve efficiency and effectiveness of such centers. Through Step by step executing of such model, R&D organization could be certain that each of their ideas (if being opportunity) will locate in a directive and default road to arrive the market. This will lead to a clear position to research plan in the R&D organization. The important characteristic of the model is that Market research, marketing, and commercialization are some of the stages of that which lead to inhibit of accumulation of no applicable knowledge in R&D organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Technology Clusters and their Impacts on the Commercialization of Technology in Iran
Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdozan Maryam Esfandiyari

According to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a s More

According to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a system for getting to this point In other hand, Technology Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected knowledge-based and innovative companies who work closely with each other, local suppliers, infrastructure providers, educational institutions, and other relevant agencies. Cluster-based development is based on the premise that a company (and their region) can realize higher levels of competitiveness when it looks beyond its own limited capacity and strategically partners with other companies and support institutions to address challenges and solve problems that it is unable to solve when operating as an isolated entity. It is an approach that encourages companies who compete to come together and identify ways in which they can cooperate to their mutual benefit This paper, with a review to basic concepts, presents the main components and requirements of technology clusters along with a compatible model to use it more effectively for commercialization of technology and R&D outcomes in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Investigation of Nano Technology Development and It is Managerial Challenges in Iran
Ali Forghani Reza Ansari

Nano Technology is known as one of the origins of the technological changes and industrial revolution in recent years. Because of this fact, many countries have started to enable themselves in this field of technology. In 1980s, this technology got involved in industry More

Nano Technology is known as one of the origins of the technological changes and industrial revolution in recent years. Because of this fact, many countries have started to enable themselves in this field of technology. In 1980s, this technology got involved in industry and has been assigned a lot of research budgets by itself. Now this technology is in the primary stages of growth and it would be impossible to predict it is trends precisely. But no one can be inattentive to its evolution in our country. In this paper we have considered the necessity of Nano Technology development in the country and three factors have been identified; the first factor is the economic opportunities, the second one deals with commercialization polices, and the third one is intellectual property rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Technomart, the Missing Link in Knowledg- based Economy
Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdooz Seyed reza Hoseini

Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating More

Knowledge- based economic development has been defined as creating value in the society through wisdom , knowledge and technology. Establishing a system output of which is such a development needs infrastructures for commercialization research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges. Science & Technology Parks (STPs) have been founded in order to lesson the mismatch between university researches and its turning into technology. However the process of Technology commercial development witch in turn includes 5 sub- process (generation, transfer, attraction and domestication, distribution and documentation) is still inharmoniously and incompletely going on A stale- of the- art structure facilitating technology exchange, and extremely facilitates the connection between technology resources and users. This paper is portraying the techno mart as one of the vital structures in developing and commercializing the technology and fields of its services and then examining the typology of its relationship with science & technology parks, universities and research institutes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Study of the Affecting Factors of Knowledge Based Firms’ Growth and Success
Mahdieh Tari Mahmod Moradi Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.005

Nowadays, according to development of academic research in the field of high technologies, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial growth and economic prosperity. So it is necessary to answer the question that what factors More

Nowadays, according to development of academic research in the field of high technologies, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in stimulating entrepreneurial growth and economic prosperity. So it is necessary to answer the question that what factors causes this firms growth and success. The main purpose of this study is identifying the affecting factors of knowledge based firms growth and success by use of qualitative study. In terms of purpose, this study is practical and the analytical methodology was used. For this purpose semi-structured interview by using thematic analyzing is conducted. Experts whom interviewed are 20 executive managers of top and successful knowledge based firms located in Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT) (Sheikh Bahai) in the last three years. The review of literature, and the results of interviews showed 3main themes that classify the affecting factors of knowledge based firms growth and success to 3 levels: individual, organizational and environmental. Based on the results, it seems that government and environmental conditions play a more important role in providing appropriate context for knowledge based firms’ growth and success. According to the interviews, view government and environmental conditions has main role in success and durability of knowledge based firms and spin-offs. Finally, based on the results, referring to existing shortcomings in the field of this firm’s activity and the main emphases of the experts, the necessary considerations for effective factors reinforcement has provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Investigating the Challenges in the Laws and Rights of Intellectual Property in Commercialization of Biotechnological Goods
Sohrab Aghazadeh Kamyar Ghaforian atiyeh safardoust Mahdi Ojani Mohammad Naghizadeh

10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.003

The lack of unified laws and regulations regarding intellectual property rights and how to give it to innovations, inventions and patents on living organisms is one of the challenges in developing countries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challeng More

The lack of unified laws and regulations regarding intellectual property rights and how to give it to innovations, inventions and patents on living organisms is one of the challenges in developing countries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges in the laws and rights of intellectual property on commercialization of biotechnological products in Iran. We have chosen mix method to conduct this study. In the qualitative part of the research in order to figure out the main challenges in the laws and rights of intellectual property, by using the literature review and interviewing 11 active Expert or not to implement them in the field of commercialization, the main challenges have been presented. In the quantitative part, the questionnaire related to the challenges of the rights of intellectual property have been distributed among 21 researchers in the field of biotechnology who are also familiar with the laws and rights of intellectual property,and by using confirmatory factor analysis, one sample T test and freedman test we studied the challenges and its ranking in the field of biotechnology. The findings show that the main challenges in laws and rights of intellectual property in the field of biotechnology are: the current obstacles in the part of the intellectual property of the projects, Lack of some rules, standards and policies or not to implement them and the high rate of dependency of the companies to the protection of patents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Determining the Process of Technological Innovation: from Generation to Commercialization and Diffusion of the Idea
Yaser Ghasemi nejad

10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.004

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.50.6.2

Not only innovation being the foundation and basis for technology, but also is considering as a driver of technological changes in organization. That means the transition and evolution of technology depends to the creativity and innovation. Thus industrial organizations More

Not only innovation being the foundation and basis for technology, but also is considering as a driver of technological changes in organization. That means the transition and evolution of technology depends to the creativity and innovation. Thus industrial organizations by the process of new and innovative products and services make changes in technology frontiers. Considering researches have been done in a context of innovation, we can see that lots of researchers referred to the importance of innovation process to intensify competitiveness and productivity. But, in related to determining the critical phases in process of technological innovation, a comprehensive research has not been observed. In this research with using Content Analysis Method, a new category of critical dimensions, components, and indicators in technological innovation process of organization, has been represented by surveying the past studies in relation with innovation process. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of technological innovation process, research's result subdivided in three dimensions accompanied with its components and indicators namely “Idea Generation”, “Idea Implementation”, and “Commercialization and Diffusion”. Based on this research organizations should more focus on idea evaluation and implementation dimension. Finally indicators like “growing process of idea concepts in a practical and usable way”, “identification of problems and needs of the organization”, “employee’s freedom in doing work process”, and also “using marketing knowledge, and selling and diffusion skills” have been the most important indicators affecting in Implementation of technological innovation process Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - A Review of Technological Entrepreneurship in the Field of Nano Technology
Morteza Rastegaran

10.7508/jstpi.2018.03.004

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.55.2.5

In today's world, increasing complexity and competition is one of the key features. Today's organizations and companies are active in a complex but dynamic environment, interacting with each other. It can be said that with the increasing growth of technology and the spe More

In today's world, increasing complexity and competition is one of the key features. Today's organizations and companies are active in a complex but dynamic environment, interacting with each other. It can be said that with the increasing growth of technology and the speed of technological growth, companies are forced to use adaptive and innovative strategies to remain competitive, to respond to rapid changes, environmental uncertainty and customer and market needs. Technological entrepreneurship is a new, interdisciplinary and growing field. In this research, first, theories related to the areas of entrepreneurship and technology are explored then a model of technological entrepreneurship is also presented as the "Paradon" model. This model consists of seven components: Technology Entrepreneur, Universities, Companies, Capital, Customers and Market, Government and Consultants. This technological entrepreneurship model can help researchers in future research, as well as governments and sectors that intend to develop and promote technological entrepreneurship. Since, Nanotechnology is one of the sciences that has made remarkable progress in the world and has helped human beings in the production of new products, the technological entrepreneurship in the field of nanotech, and the ways of commercializing and entering the market considering related tools and related activities, such as: branching, licensing, intellectual property, commercial sales and domestic development have been described. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Identification and Analysis of the Main Strategic Components Affecting the Failure of Knowledge-Based Companies in Iran (The Case Study: Technology and Science Park of Kermanshah City)
Donya Gholami Ali Ramezani

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.008

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.15.57.3.3

It is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies More

It is more than one decade that Iran is trying to get away from Oil economy and approaching to the knowledge-based economy. The government tries to close the university to industry by setting up the technology and science parks. It tries to promote the new technologies by supporting start-ups. Now, we are in a time that many of the start-up companies can grow and produce the Advanced Services and productions. But they have faced with a strategic challenge. This challenge is their problem about selling the products and Knowledge-based services. Indeed, the products and Knowledge-based services are faced with the problem of entry into the business. This research, tries to study the four factors that have the most influence in the failure of companies in sailing, exchanging, and Commercialization of their technologies. We discuss about these challenges and test them in a fieldwork. The results of our research show the reasons of their failure in business are the lack of government interference in facilitating the process of technology exchange, the lack of brand, distrust of industry and State organs and business to Knowledge-based products. Statistical Society is the active technology and science parks in Iran. This model was tested by the trivial squares minimum technique and Smart Plus software. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Solutions for the Development of Entrepreneurial University in the Field of Humanities and Social Sciences Based on a Multiple Case Study
mehdi goodarzi farzaneh khalouei

10.52547/jstpi.20670.15.59.63

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.59.2.0

One of the issues encountered by the Iranian Humanities and Social Sciences Society is the commercialization of knowledge and business creation in this field. As a result, the deprivation of business areas from the benefits and capacities of the humanities and social sc More

One of the issues encountered by the Iranian Humanities and Social Sciences Society is the commercialization of knowledge and business creation in this field. As a result, the deprivation of business areas from the benefits and capacities of the humanities and social sciences, the wasting of the country's capital, the unemployment of a large number of graduates, immigration and employment in irrelevant businesses are the main consequences of this issue. Therefore, this paper attempts by reviewing the literature on entrepreneurship, the supporting ecosystem of entrepreneurship and the study of two domestic and international universities, provide some solutions for developing university entrepreneurship in the field of humanities and social sciences. The results show that in comprehensive universities, firstly, engineering faculties and then social sciences, economics and management schools engage in entrepreneurship. However, other colleges are resisting entrepreneurship. Therefore, at a humanities university, the stimulation of all faculties for entrepreneurship innovatively, along with the pursuit of scientific and research tasks, should be carefully addressed and start with the colleges whose products and services are closer to the market. In addition, there is no universal framework for creating an academic entrepreneurship ecosystem. Thus, the officials of the universities in the field of humanities must be able to create a environment in which, while preserving the traditional values of education and research, put the commercialization capacity of creating entrepreneurial culture in the university at the center of attention of students and staff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Identify and Prioritize the Factors Affecting the Success of Knowledge-Based Industries
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi Mahsa Hami

10.7508/jstpi.2018.04.008

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.56.5.0

One of the tools for knowledge management is the creation of knowledge-based companies that play a very important role in the countries’ economic development. In fact, a knowledge-based company is a private or cooperative company or institution whose purpose is to creat More

One of the tools for knowledge management is the creation of knowledge-based companies that play a very important role in the countries’ economic development. In fact, a knowledge-based company is a private or cooperative company or institution whose purpose is to create and expand the combination of science and wealth and the development of a knowledge-based economy, which result is the creation of wealth and the development of the economy through the expansion and application of invention and innovation through the commercialization of research and development activities. Given the importance and impact of knowledge-based industries in the current economy, this study will identify and prioritize factors affecting the success of these industries. In order to identify these factors, literature and current research were collected and written. Then, by distributing the questionnaire among the managers and experts of the companies present in the science and technology park of Guilan province, the most important factors were identified. In the next step, according to the obtained information, another questionnaire was developed that measured the criteria by using a pair comparison. DEMATEL method has been used to rank the identified factors, and due to the uncertainty in experts' opinions, evaluation is done in a fuzzy environment. As a result of the evaluation, it was found that environmental factors play the most important role in the growth and development of knowledge-based companies. Among the sub-criteria of environmental factors, government policies, tax exemptions and customs were identified as the most effective factors in the success of knowledge-based companies. Therefore, it is imperative that the senior decision makers provide incentives and regulations to create a suitable business environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Providing an IT commercialization model in online business by focusing on tourism industry
Hamed Khatami Nejad mohammad ali nasimi Behzad Farrokh Seresht

10.52547/jstpi.20993.18.70.32

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.70.3.4

One of the main reasons for the rapid development of technology in industrialized countries has been the attention to the commercialization process. Commercialization is a prerequisite for achieving competitive advantages and entering today's businesses in various fiel More

One of the main reasons for the rapid development of technology in industrialized countries has been the attention to the commercialization process. Commercialization is a prerequisite for achieving competitive advantages and entering today's businesses in various fields of information technology. The purpose of this study is to present an IT commercialization model in online businesses. In order to conduct the research, the qualitative research approach and based on the data method of the foundation using semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of information technology commercialization have been used. The sample size included a total of 12 people by judgmental sampling method until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data encoding was performed using Max Kyoda software. Findings showed that commercialization of information technology in online businesses with 10 components including (economic factors, legal issues, structure, factors related to marketing, management factors, factors affecting business, political issues, cultural prerequisites , Business environment, technology management) were explained. It is suggested that in order to achieve successful commercialization in online tourism businesses, infrastructure indicators should be constantly monitored. Prioritize cultural support for the organization's commercialization activities, change and encourage consumer attitudes, and create a positive attitude toward information technology. Due to the lack of research in the field of commercialization of knowledge-based products, it is suggested to study the model of commercialization of knowledge-based products with emphasis on information technology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Provide a Pattern Sustainable Tourism Development with Emphasis on Technology Commercialization in Iran
shirin amirhosseini سید محمدرضا حسینی Roohalla samiee

In today's era, many development planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar of economic development and believe that the basic method of tourism development is to achieve sustainable development, and the develop ent of sustainable tourism increases ta More

In today's era, many development planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar of economic development and believe that the basic method of tourism development is to achieve sustainable development, and the develop ent of sustainable tourism increases tax revenues, exports and economic growth of countries. The aim of the this research was to present a model of sustainable tourism development with an emphasis on technology commercialization in Iran, which was done in a combined manner and is practical in terms of purpose and based on the descriptive-correlation method. Factors affecting the development of tourism were identified with an emphasis on technology commercialization based on in-depth interviews with 11 academic and organizational experts. The output of this stage was 35 components in the form of 4 dimensions: technology, economic, market awareness, laws and guidelines, That were leveled with interpretive structural modeling method and clustered with Mic Mac analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that the economic dimensions, market knowledge, rules and guidelines are in the first level, and the technological dimension is in the second level. The economic dimension is in the dependent cluster, the dimensions of market knowledge, rules and guidelines are in the linked cluster and the technology dimension is in the independent cluster. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that information and communication technology tools should be seen in all official and unofficial tourism. Manuscript profile

Current Issue

Published Issues

Menu

Browse

List of Articles Commercialization