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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Rating the Effective Elements over E- Procurement Adoption in Organization by Statistical Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process Case study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways
        Farzaneh Pourkiyani Davood Vahdat Reza Askari Moghadam Eslam Nazemi alireza dadashi
        The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman te More
        The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (test H), and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). Here we used two methods to rate the elements over e-procurement adoption; The statistical processes and the AHP or Analytical Hierarchy Process. Also, in this study two kinds of questionnaire are used and designed, likert and AHP. Likert questionnaire is completed by 97 persons among Iranian Railways experts, managers and senior managers having BA 70% and MA, 19%. The statistical processes result showed that most effectiveness elements over e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R are "Organization" as the first factor ranked score 4.0585 , "Technology" as the second factor ranked score 3.7807 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked score 3.6968 respectively. AHP questionnaire is completed by 24 managers and senior managers of I.I.R.R and its results are similar to Fridman and Kruskal-Wallis method: "Organization" is the first ranked score 0.389, "Technology" is the second ranked 0.378 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked 0.233 which are the most important factors in e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Components affecting the adoption of electronic commerce by the small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector
        Maryam Yazdani Zanganeh Bahman Khosro pour
        Through deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of More
        Through deep study of library, the factors affecting adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector with the objective importance of these factors is assessed. Achievement of objectives such as equitable distribution of resources in disadvantaged areas, increasing production and exports, strengthening of economic mobility, enhance entrepreneurship, employment and increased job opportunities demonstrates is role of small enterprises in the agricultural sector development. Now, small enterprises play an important role in the development economic indicators and So take advantage of new methods of doing business such as e-commerce process will be very effective role in the development and success of these enterprises in the agricultural sector. In this regard, e-commerce will be able to trade agricultural products and e and more than any other technology will find its match. This study shows that many benefits of e-commerce for the businesses and in variety of ways such as providing better services for consumers, suppliers and consumers find new and improved business process efficiency there. Factors such as compatibility, relative advantage and perceived increased in profit has positive affect than on electronic commerce are accepted. Small-scale enterprises should pay more attention to application technologies such as electronic commerce and communications networks to ensure their methods of work and organizational culture is compatible with e-commerce. Interest should promote awareness of the benefits of using e-commerce by the SMEs in agriculture sector and give increased awareness can be through workshops, seminars and training courses , extension about the e-commerce achieved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Optimum Effect of Electronic Commerce on Supply Chain Management
        Hadi Heydari Saeed moheb Rabbani Hesam Zand Hesami
        Competitive advantage of an organization heavily dependent on the effectiveness of supply chain organization. Today, Supply Chain Management,is a growing body of tools and technologies for coordination and optimization of key processes, including: Reduction costs, incre More
        Competitive advantage of an organization heavily dependent on the effectiveness of supply chain organization. Today, Supply Chain Management,is a growing body of tools and technologies for coordination and optimization of key processes, including: Reduction costs, increasing quality, facilitate distribution, increasing customer satisfaction and ... , and Supply Chain Management should improve the coordination between members of the chain in order to achieve these goals and increase opportunities. Growth in information technology recent years, we witness, E-commerce are provided in the development pillars management. Especially that part of an integrated Internet and Electronic Commerce is required, high potential and capacity for efficient supply chain is to be. Paing attention to concepts of Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain Management, this article study factors influencing technology adoption in an organization and its followers, the effect of electronic commerce emerging as a new technology on the different section of chain. SCM development and change in the strategy units along with commercial development E-business with problems and obstacles inherent, It is necessary to response the pre challenges for this technology to the executive and the implementation makes essential. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - The necessity of innovation in administrating knowledge management and IT management in Iran
        Mohammadreza Abbasi Manoochehr Makki
        At present the necessity of paying attention to knowledge management and IT management has been a challenging issue for the managers of organizations. This matter seems incomplete without paying attention to the applicability of the mentioned concepts. Hence, in this ar More
        At present the necessity of paying attention to knowledge management and IT management has been a challenging issue for the managers of organizations. This matter seems incomplete without paying attention to the applicability of the mentioned concepts. Hence, in this article, the basic assumptions of knowledge management and its relation to information technology are investigated from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The formation, definitions, literature, processes, and all the issues related to the knowledge management will be presented. In addition, it is mentioned that in spite of the close relationship between information technology and knowledge management, it is not possible to substitute technology for human knowledge. Finally, having reviewed some principles and obstacles to knowledge management, the researchers propose innovative ways in order to carry out knowledge management programs via information technology in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Technology Clusters and their Impacts on the Commercialization of Technology in Iran
        Saeed Samadi Amin Kolahdozan Maryam Esfandiyari
        According to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a s More
        According to definition, knowledge based economic development is creating value in society by means of wisdom, knowledge and technology. Some infrastructures for commercializing research outcomes and facilitating technological exchanges are required in order to form a system for getting to this point In other hand, Technology Clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected knowledge-based and innovative companies who work closely with each other, local suppliers, infrastructure providers, educational institutions, and other relevant agencies. Cluster-based development is based on the premise that a company (and their region) can realize higher levels of competitiveness when it looks beyond its own limited capacity and strategically partners with other companies and support institutions to address challenges and solve problems that it is unable to solve when operating as an isolated entity. It is an approach that encourages companies who compete to come together and identify ways in which they can cooperate to their mutual benefit This paper, with a review to basic concepts, presents the main components and requirements of technology clusters along with a compatible model to use it more effectively for commercialization of technology and R&D outcomes in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - The norms of entrepreneurial science
        henry Eikoeitz Firouzeh Asbaghi Khanghah
        Universities are undergoing a second revelution these days, in corporating economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university int More
        Universities are undergoing a second revelution these days, in corporating economic and social development as part of their mission. The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching. Now the emerging entrepreneurial university integrates economic development as an additional function. The capitalization of knowledge takes many different forms that are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Trade of Services within the realm of World Trade Organization
        Vali Sajedi
        The strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm i More
        The strategic subject of membership in WTO is one of the important subjects in world transactions; and countries from all around the world enthusiastically follow this matter. Since WTO covers 148 countries and more than 95% of world trads, not attending in this realm is not possible and meaningful. Therefore, it is necessary to study about different aspects of commodity, service and industrial property trade. By considering the necessity of joint of Iran to WTO, that is one of the main concerns of capitalists and governors, and since the forth development plan is based upon liberating the commerce; and regading the fact that Iran is accepted as an observer member in WTO (Since 26, May 2005), it is vital that before taking any actions, different aspects of each activity be examined thoroughly. Further more, the legal situation of different services should be examined by the experts to comment upon professional aspects. The above mentioned experts, then, according to the position of services trade in Iran and in the world, evaluate the capacity of different services to recognize the internal market and try to expand it into external markets as well. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Effective Factors for Iran's Proper Entry into the World Trade Organization
        Hamid Hanifi
        Joining to the World Trade Organization is one of the dimensions of globalization and will improve free trade. In order to prevent the abuse of this free trade, additional laws and agreements should be attached to the WTO rules. One of them is the TRIPS Agreement that i More
        Joining to the World Trade Organization is one of the dimensions of globalization and will improve free trade. In order to prevent the abuse of this free trade, additional laws and agreements should be attached to the WTO rules. One of them is the TRIPS Agreement that is about the Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual property rights consist of rights derived from intellectual creativity in the fields of science, industry, literature, art that arise from the knowledge and art or creativity of the creator. But, the laws of the WTO and intellectual property rights, despite their advantages, also have deficiencies. Considering that Iran is a member of the World Trade Organization's viewer, and in the near future or later will become as a final and definite member, therefore, during this time, it is necessary to provide the preliminaries of attendance. Thus, in this paper, some factors have been extracted that are effective in preparing for Iran's presence in the World Trade Organization. To do this, first, articles about the Intellectual Property Rights and also World Trade Organization were extracted and then, related articles were separated and analyzed with these two titles. In the next stage, considering the analysis of the selected articles reviewed, and having a relationship between some variables together, and their combination with expert's opinions, some important factors of these two items were categorized. Finally, Whereas these factors were considered as effective factors in the World Trade Organization and Intellectual Property Rights, some suggestions were made about them that strengthened these factors, which ultimately leads to readiness before entering the World Trade Organization. These factors were classified into two groups: 1) The factor of intellectual property rights whose sub-factors are: a) Motivational Factors, b) Connections Factors, c) Intellectual Property Rights Factors, d) Technology Transfer Factors, e) Market Factors, f) Public Interest Factors, g) Factors related to the Human Rights interactions with the Intellectual Property Rights. 2) The World Trade Organization whose sub-factors are: a) Infrastructural Factors, b) Regulatory Factors, c) Factors related to the Internal Challenges, d) Imitative Factors, e) Incentive Factors, f) Pre-reform Factors, g) Legal Factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors of E-Readiness Assessment for SMEs to Enter the E-Commerce Market
        Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Farshid Farokhizadeh Reza Radfar Naghi Shoja
        During the last decade, the key role of information and communication technology has proven to facilitate the process of transition and change of organizations; The e-readiness is the platform for entering into the modern time and activities in the networked world ad we More
        During the last decade, the key role of information and communication technology has proven to facilitate the process of transition and change of organizations; The e-readiness is the platform for entering into the modern time and activities in the networked world ad well as competition in the market. Thus, the design of e-readiness evaluation models, regarding the internal and environmental conditions of organizations and communities with the purpose of assessing their e-readiness level is necessary. However, without the evaluation of e-readiness of the organization, activity in the networked world will be impossible and have very high obstacles. In this paper, a brief introduction of the proposed models for the evaluation of the e-readiness and their classification have been discussed. Moreover, the factors influencing the e-readiness of the small and medium-sized enterprises to enter the e-commerce market have been investigated and detected through a combination approach of Shannon entropy. In this paper, after identifying and introducting existing models; the concepts, dimensions, and indices of the research were extracted and ranked by the Shannon entropy method. The results of this study show that the first ranked factors were organizational factors. Then environmental and man power factors were ranked second and third, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Investigating the Barriers to e-Commerce using Interpretive Structural Modeling
        Hooman Shababi Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani peyman ghafari Ashtiani
        The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied More
        The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied research in terms of descriptive-survey method. The research statistical population is 12 experts of Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. Due to the limited number, the census method was used and research questionnaires were provided to all experts and managers of the company. In this study, first, a wide range of barriers to e-commerce were identified qualitatively through an in-depth review of the background. Then, by surveying 12 experts through structural-interpretive modeling method, the obstacles related to the study area for leveling and the relevant structural-interpretive model were identified using MATLAB software. Then, using pairwise comparisons, DEMATEL and ISM techniques have been used to determine the causal relationships between variables and their levels. The results indicate that the component of technological infrastructure and technology is at the highest level, which was recognized as the most effective component in this research, and at the lowest level, the component of technical infrastructure is the most effective component of this research, and This result seems to be logical in our country as well. In countries like Iran, which are moving towards industrialization, it may be a little difficult to use the latest technologies in the world. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - The Protection of New Technological Methods of Business in the Patent System
        hossein sadeghi Mahdi  Naser
        Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of paten More
        Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of patent. However, along with technological developments and the development of new business methods based on computer technologies, electronic communication tools, e-commerce models and apps, legal and judicial developments have limited the scope of this exception and accepted the possibility of registering business methods that would lead to the creation of a new and practical technical effect. In this article, using Descriptive-analytical research method, based on the data obtained from the library study, while examining the existing capacities and challenges in the legal system of Iran, the situation in some other legal systems such as the United States and the procedure of the European Patent Office has been examined. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Examining the Influencing Factors on Online Travel Purchase Intention, Using Technology Acceptance Model Extension
        seyed mehdi mirmehdi Danial  Molaei
        Online travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize custo More
        Online travel shopping has become attractive for researchers. In our country, online travel shopping is thriving and researchers try to recognize customers’ behavior in online context and factors that impact on their behavior. Companies and organizations recognize customers’ behavior and effecting factors to find their strength and weaknesses in marketing and find customers’ demands; this subsequently leads to customer loyalty and an increase in their profit. Previous researches largely concentrated on Davis’s technology acceptance model, theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior. In this research by using technology acceptance model, 10 hypotheses were tested to analyze their impact on online travel purchase. In this descriptive – survey research, a questionnaire consists of 35 questions distributed online. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts’ comments and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach alpha. A sample of 250 were analyzed and the results indicate attitude, perceived usefulness, trust, and price have a meaningful relationship with online purchase intention. Secondly, perceived usefulness and trust have impact on attitude about online travel purchase. Separately perceived ease of use showed no significant relationship with attitude and online travel purchase. Results on perceived privacy suggest that it has a meaningful relationship with trust in online travel purchase, contrarily it has no significant impact on online travel purchase intention. . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Legal Study of Dynamic Pricing Strategy in Companies Providing Intelligent Transportation Services with Emphasis on Snapp Application
        Mansour Amini Sadegh Sayyadi
        E-commerce means using electronic tools in the process of doing new business. This type of business, as a link between technologies and the business market, has created a stable market for the employment of different groups. Some modern businesses have developed new ele More
        E-commerce means using electronic tools in the process of doing new business. This type of business, as a link between technologies and the business market, has created a stable market for the employment of different groups. Some modern businesses have developed new electronic tools that make them different from other businesses. Intelligent agents, which act as tools for technology-driven companies, are responsible for the dynamic pricing of their products and services. In this pricing model, which is often done completely without the intervention of human operators and automatically (intelligently), electronic tools price by analyzing various factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status and legal effects of this pricing model in companies providing intelligent transportation services. The present article has been done by analytical-descriptive and library methods. Dynamic pricing model has advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional model; Advantages: 1- Transparency in Costs Declaration, 2- Facilitates and Accelerates the provision of Transportation Services, 3- Reduces Costs. Disadvantages: 1- Absolute authority of the company in determining and paying costs to drivers, 2- Impossibility and unpredictability of monitoring the design and performance of applications of companies that use this pricing model, 3- Lack of appropriate and specific laws and regulations for possible violations. Based on the findings of this study, the existing regulations are not sufficient to address the challenges and possible violations in relation to the dynamic pricing model, and it is necessary to review and amend the regulations and formulate appropriate solutions in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Provide a B2C e-commerce Pattern with an emphasis on Sharing Economy
        Fazel Bazrafshan Jamshid Edalatian Shahriari Nosratollah Shadnoush
        Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovat More
        Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of sharing economy. sharing economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on sharing economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust- collaboration- product- communication quality- economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability- availability- obligation- sharing information- information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value- security- infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster. Manuscript profile