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    • List of Articles Incubator

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Introduce and Using the Approach of Positive Deviance in Identifying Potentials for Performance Improvement of the Tenants of Yazd Science and Technology Park
        Mohammad Saleh Oliua Ali Haji Gholam Sayazdi Abbas Zareu Benadkoki Shahram Shokohi Daruosh Pourserahian
        In Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. More
        In Incubators of Science and Technology parks (STPs) manifold services are presented to develop tenant institutes. There are always a few tenants institutes perform distinctively and distinguished outcomes from others, despite of similarities of services to all of them. In this research, Positive Deviants (Problem Solving Technique identified in 1990) has been used to achieve the main factors of prosperity of such bold tenants and try in recognizing solutions for distributing them to others. This research has been done in Information and Communication Incubators of Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). By four essential and methodological phases, “Define”, “Determine”, “Discover”, and “Design”, Implemented solutions and behaviors of prosperous tenants to overcome difficulties and enhance developments have been recognized. Besides, using the technique “House of Quality” some findings and solutions (by changes in key processes of YSTP) is suggested to generalize the research results to other tenants. Finally, some recommendations have been added to this study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Ranking of Effective Factors on Promoting Innovation Companies in Incubators, Using Fuzzy Topsis Technique; Case Study: Yazd Science and Technology Park
        Seyed Habibollah Mirghafori Hosein Sayadi Toranloo Maryam Kariminia
        In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore More
        In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore the aim of this research is to identify and rank effective factors improving innovation in companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). In order to identify effective indexes on improving innovation, update articles have been studied and experts' ideas in the field of technology were used from which thirty seven indexes were confirmed by experts. After designing questioners out of available indexes and content and face validity confirmation by experts, questioners were distributed among the managers and staffs of companies in YSTP. 200 questioners were corrected completely and achieved data were analyzed by Fuzzy Topsis Technique. Based on this, thirty seven indexes in questioners were ranked in terms of their importance regarding given responses by companies' managers and staffs. Earning knowledge and new information and accessibility of advanced technologies were identified as the most important effective factors in improving innovation in companies in YSTP incubators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Managing the Stakeholders Network in Technology Business Incubators
        Hasan KIhakbaz Jafar Eyvazzpour
        The Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) provide an effective means to link technology, capital and know-how in order to accelerate the development of new technology-based companies, leverage entrepreneurial talent, and thus speed the exploitation of technology. The TB More
        The Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) provide an effective means to link technology, capital and know-how in order to accelerate the development of new technology-based companies, leverage entrepreneurial talent, and thus speed the exploitation of technology. The TBIs assist emerging businesses through an array of business support services, developed by incubator management such as assistance in developing business and marketing plans, building management teams, obtaining capital, and ease of access to a range of other more specialized professional services. In addition, incubators provide flexible space, shared equipment, and administrative services. Therefore, the TBI goal is to produce successful firms that will leave the incubator financially viable and freestanding. To address this goal, involvement and support of stakeholders, consisting of sponsors drawn from the local business community, government, the broader community, venture capital providers, technopreneurs, incubator managers and staff are vital. The stakeholders in an incubator will help sustain its financing, offer assistance to its client companies, serve on governing boards, and play generally a key role in the incubator's success. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reason for involving stakeholders in TBI management and necessity of establishing a healthy relationship with them, based on an appropriate set of expectations regarding the nature of the relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators with a Global Perspective
        Majid Soleymani
        Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reach More
        Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reaching the country's development objectives, the role of universities and research centers in establishing social institutions and foundations which are in deal with such centers, is highly effective. Comprehensive and expanded protection of policymakers and officials from science and technology development centers and parks in addition to adopting new managing methods, would lay the necessary grounds for achieving the associated objectives. It is obvious that filling the existing gap between universities and other sectors such as industry, agriculture, health, etc, As well as transfer of knowledge and technology through such centers would be facilitated. That is, the science and technology parks accelerate the economic knowledge-based growth and development. Science and technology parks as research and development units can solve lots of existing problems and improve the situation and condition. With a glance to some of the units' activities it can be grasped that they have not been fully utilized yet. From many important factors, the lack of sound resource and facilitates distribution based on priorities, and lack of required decision adoption by innovation and technology policy makers and planners, different communication, law, and regulation problems lead to lack of suitable utilization. One of the patterns which presented for solving such a problem is the utilization of intermediary organizations and institutions in the cycle of the research to the market which could be realigned through establishing science and technology parks. Science and technology parks play essential role in creating and developing technology institution and professional research centers. Farther more, such R&D units would facilitate the aggregation and technical cooperation with its complimentary units such as engineering services companies, engineering and designing institutes, and professional research centers. Also, it provides suitable connection for funding and addressing the groups adjusted with R&D activities. This article by mentioning the establishment and characteristics of Iranian science and technology parks, explains the general situation of such centers are explained based on geographical conditions and establishing bodies as well as the numerous of center categorized based on dependence type and their different activities and international organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Evaluation of the Success Rate of Technology Units Located in Science and Technology Parks and Incubators
        Alireza Motmany Mohammad Hoseinabadi Amin Hemmati
        Knowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business e More
        Knowledge-based companies are established to turn innovative ideas into products, create sustainable technology-based jobs, commercialize research, create synergy between science and wealth, and to empower and guide university graduates towards success in the business environment. A successful factor for these companies can be their involvement in science and technology parks and incubators. These parks and incubators can be considered as key infrastructures providing legal and commercial supports for these companies for leading them to success. This study aims at determining the success rate of knowledge-based firms located in science and technology parks or incubators. It also targets eliciting the correlation between the success of these companies and their number of employees. The correlation between their success and the time period during which these companies are residing at parks or incubators will also be investigated. The study will be based on a questionnaire survey on the statistical population of science and technology parks in Iran in 2010. The data collected from the current 758 tenants has been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the success rate of target companies was 68%. The chi-square test shows that the rates of success are not equal in different science and technology parks. The average numbers of workers in successful and unsuccessful tenants have been 5 and 2.8 respectively. The analysis of variance also shows the average numbers of workers are not equal in different science and technology parks. By using the chi-square test, the relationship between the number of employees and success is significant; and by increasing the number of workers, the rate of success in tenants has increased. The average duration of time within which tenants have been residing at parks or incubators has been 22 months. The chi-square test confirmed a significant relationship between their duration of stay and the success rate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - The Optimization of Queueing System for Obtaining the Initial and Final Permission for STPs and Incubators Office
        Mahdi Yosefi Nezhad Atarry Ensiyeh Neyshaboory
        One of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behavio More
        One of the main topics in applied mathematics and operation research is the studying of queue systems and reducing the undesirable effects of waiting. In the systems that queueing and waiting are the main concerns of them, the aims of system analyzing are system behaviour recognition, identification of the distributions and the parameters, simulation, and at the end presenting an appropriate solution that fulfills the desired goals to determine the optimum capacity. One of the problems of our country is that because of long queues and input rate to servers, the processes of administrative activities take a long time to complete. In this paper the process of obtaining the principled and decisive permitions from the Ministry of the sciences, research and technology to establish a science and technology park or an incubator (that takes a relatively long time) is being surveyed and analyzed. After analyzing and reviewing the different scenarios of assigning employees to the proper cases, we concluded that the assigment of 3 experts for principled cases and 5 experts for decisive cases results in lower average waiting time of the customers in queue (wq) and the average number of people in queue (Lq) in comparison to the two other alternatives under the study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - The key factors in the admission process of tenant companies in incubators
        Hamid Mahdavi Mahmood Sheykh zeynaddin Fakhreddin Ashrafi zadeh
        The admission process in ISTT, which has been formed during 6 years, is performed based on three key factors that have been defined in this paper. These factors include a business plan, a technology-based business idea, and the entrepreneurial team. The initial admissio More
        The admission process in ISTT, which has been formed during 6 years, is performed based on three key factors that have been defined in this paper. These factors include a business plan, a technology-based business idea, and the entrepreneurial team. The initial admission process that was done based on trial and error, is now consist of information, negotiation and interview, filling the forms, consultation, correcting the forms, submission of documents, initial investigation, determining the judges, technical and economic interviews, filling the judgment forms, second investigation, analysis and final decision-making in admission committee. The Admission Committee practices the policies defined by ISTT's scientific council and leads the companies toward ISTT objectives. In all stages of admission and assessment process, there is an atmosphere of training and improving, instead of only competition and selection. Even those companies that will not be accepted in the admission process, they will learn and be guided to remove their shortcomings. In most cases the view of all the members of the admission committee are similar and at the same level, and this makes the final decision making easier. The presence of two judges, one with a technology approach (scientific), and the other with an economic approach (familiar with market), among the members of the committee is a determining factor in selecting applicants for settlement in the incubator. Although this current admission trend is based on the general global experiences of other incubators, it has not drawn directly from a single model. It has been completed gradually based on the realities and conditions of the region Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Promotion of Management Potentials of Pre-incubation seeds and Tenants in Incubators by Applying Suitable Management Style
        MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Mohsen Fathollah Bayati
        Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This pro More
        Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This problem is even more extreme about the tenants in incubators and preincubator stage seeds, because companies and seed firms in incubators are truly vulnerable against mismanagement, and this problem would cause failure more than any other time. Taking nice management style during preincubation and incubation period, not only prevents from death of the company, but also increase probability of success, because the success of organization is depend on their successful passage from different levels and stages. In this paper, the types of management styles and mismanagement are carefully dealt with, and regarding position of the pre-incubation seeds and tenants in incubators over the life cycle of the organizations, different types of management including improper styles which can affect the organization trend of management are introduced also for a successful passage from pre-incubation to incubation regarding the management style of organization in pre-incubation, we suggested a management style effective for organization during the incubation period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - The Conceptual Model of University Incubators
        Tayebe Nikraftar
        Change and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on More
        Change and transition is one of the challenges of 21st century. Countries have faced with unanticipated situations because of developing the increasing range of changes so they can not guarantee their survival with small change in manner, structure, technology and so on. Organizations should start a revolution in their managements and employees mind until the concepts of organization, work and competition basically change in their mind. In this situation we need entrepreneurs that can blow fresh blood in the economic state body through creativity, innovation, stability and self confidence and pacing effective step for solving employment crisis. It is obvious that entrepreneurial university is one of the strategic and key tools for this matter in the higher education level. Entrepreneurship University has made diversity mechanisms such as business incubators, science and technology parks, and entrepreneurship centers and so on for fulfilling their goals. The task of business incubators is to support the university graduates and young entrepreneurs that familiar with new technologies and owning creativity but they are often idle because founding a business by them is not possible without entering a high risk of failure. Business Incubators help these entrepreneurs to pass the primary growth stages and when they acquire the capabilities for activity in market they can leave/graduate the incubator. The concept of business incubator have been reviewed, analysis and habited in our country for some years. The object of this paper is to review the place of university incubators in developing employment and technology transfer. At first we pay attention to relations between the university, incubator and industry. Then we review the role of them in developing and transferring technology and finally we show a conceptual model for University Incubators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Performance Assessment of Incubators and Science Parks by Technology Level Index
        MOrteza Rasti bozorgi hamid Mahdavi Ghasem Moslehi
        Self assessment is an interesting subject for all managers, especially for the managers of incubators. The incubator performance assessment by indexes (IPAI) is a simple, interesting and effective method for measuring the performance index of an incubator. The system is More
        Self assessment is an interesting subject for all managers, especially for the managers of incubators. The incubator performance assessment by indexes (IPAI) is a simple, interesting and effective method for measuring the performance index of an incubator. The system is based on changing the scope of performance of several indicators to fixed scales (metrics), weighing them and combining them. Strategic evaluation is basically consists of three basic activities which are investigating the principles of the companies or organizations strategies, comparing the ideal and real results and making improvements. This paper focuses on the second part to make sure that the performance adjusts correctly with the planning programs. This paper is going to introduce an index for measuring and assessing the level of technology improvement in Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTTs) Incubator and Science Park. It also addresses the methodology used for these calculations. Measuring the indicators for ISTTs incubator will be discussed at the final part of this paper as a case study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Modeling an Urban Incubator for Tehran City
        Mehdi Kanuani
        One of the major priorities of each big citys developing plan is to support & promote SMEs through Incubators. This policy has played a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & economical growth. Entrepreneurs play as a growth motor for the economics of the cities. So More
        One of the major priorities of each big citys developing plan is to support & promote SMEs through Incubators. This policy has played a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & economical growth. Entrepreneurs play as a growth motor for the economics of the cities. So in most countries, various laws & facilities have been developed for supporting them. In our country, the capital city “Tehran” is the largest city in the country and developing an Urban Incubator in Tehran will play the role of a pilot plan for the other cities. Then this article by analyzing available trends and models in other cities, intends to make a model for supporting SMEs in Tehran city by Urban Incubators and its infrastructure and sub-structures. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Innovation Development Early Assessment System to be Used in ISTT Pre-incubation and Incubation Admission System
        Hamid Mahdavi MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Ghasem Moslehi
        We are living in a world where the complexity of cause and effect relations is in a continuous increase. The owners of the new ideas, their supporters and the beneficiaries encounter different questions for starting a new business activity. The questions such as Will th More
        We are living in a world where the complexity of cause and effect relations is in a continuous increase. The owners of the new ideas, their supporters and the beneficiaries encounter different questions for starting a new business activity. The questions such as Will this idea become successful or not? or What kinds of supports and considerations are necessary for this idea to be successful? are some examples. The idea assessment process is an important and interesting subject for both innovators and incubators managers so that it make the former familiar with the probable strengths and weaknesses and for the latter i.e. the managers of incubators the significance is in admitting the owners of ideas in incubators and starting to support them based on their needs in the early stages of the innovation process. The Innovation Development Early Assessment System has been developed for the assessment of the possibility of commercializing the ideas in the early stages of innovation. This paper will introduce this system and it further addresses the method of improving and developing it as a tool in the hands of the incubators managers helping them in the admission process of companies and helping them to recognize the support services required by their tenants during their residency in the incubator. It will also look at this system as a tool for making the owners of ideas familiar with the probable barriers and obstacles that may lead to their failure. The improvement method proposed for this system has been defined with regard to the existing conditions of the applicants of settlement in the incubator. A case study and the analysis of the results obtained through this system will come at the final part of this paper. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Quality Management for Incubators
        Alireza Faraji
        In this paper some parts of quality standards such as quality management, manual, plan and objectives are reviewed and the implementation, documentation and auditing of quality management system at incubator and its business plan based on ISO 9000 standard are proposed. More
        In this paper some parts of quality standards such as quality management, manual, plan and objectives are reviewed and the implementation, documentation and auditing of quality management system at incubator and its business plan based on ISO 9000 standard are proposed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Incubator or Science and Technology Park? Public or Private?
        Seyed jalal Mosavi bazargani
        Institutional distances are mostly neglected while importing development means and tools into developing countries. This could be also observed in establishing Technology parks & Incubators in these countries. To fill the gap, Schumpeterian type I & II innovations has b More
        Institutional distances are mostly neglected while importing development means and tools into developing countries. This could be also observed in establishing Technology parks & Incubators in these countries. To fill the gap, Schumpeterian type I & II innovations has been used to differentiate clients of S & T Parks from Incubators. Also a Typology of four different institutional setting, namely Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Deutsch & frenched has been proposed by means of which it is possible to bench and select among different funding & operating policies. Based on these classifications, It has been concluded that on the contrary with the current trend of establishing incubators in Iran, focus on Science & Technology Parks could be a more promising option. Difficulties in changing focus from Incubators to Parks is also discussed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - A Methodology for Ranking Incubators Using Composite Indicato
        hamid Mahdavi MOrteza Rasti bozorgi Ghasem Moslehi
        Incubators have gained wide reputation in most countries as efficient institutions contributing to regional development and economic growth. They assist their clients through their value-adding services and a wide range of support services and facilities that cannot be More
        Incubators have gained wide reputation in most countries as efficient institutions contributing to regional development and economic growth. They assist their clients through their value-adding services and a wide range of support services and facilities that cannot be easily procured from other sources. The content of these services and the way they are supplied will have important effects on the success of the incubators, and thereby, on the incubators’ performance. Introducing improved incubation models, informing incubators of their distance from acceptable performance norms and models, and disseminating incubators’ success stories among those involved in the industry will be tools that are expected to assist incubator managers to make more informed and enlightened decisions. The use of composite indicators is a simple method of comparing a wide variety of systems under evaluation such as countries and organizations dealing with a multitude of complicated and wide issues including environmental, economic, social, and technological. Normally, the main objective in defining composite indicators is to compare the performance of a group of subjects evaluated along a given dimension. These indicators can also function as useful tools in analyzing policies and in communication of information to the public. In this paper, first, a state-of-the-art account of constructing composite indicators will be presented and then a number of tentative composite indicators will be introduced. Special emphasis will be laid on key performance indicators used in ranking technology incubators with due regard to the Iranian business incubation environment. This study is the first of its kind and is expected to open new avenues to taking effective measures in improving business and technology incubation programs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Privatization of Incubators; Necessities and Challenges
        Alireza Faraji
        The most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shap More
        The most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shaped inside the incubator, financial and moral structure of them is affected with incubator. Verifying this subject with interest to relations between incubator and determinate new units; requirement of incubator to have independence financial resources and to create basis for its own growth and development and experience of successful-abroad-incubators, shows that applyment of private management in state incubators is a favorite strategy to solve a lot of problems; an available and good pattern for determinate units and an optimal structure for incubators management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Incubators Performance Measurement by means of Balanced Scorecard
        Sara Safari Mausome Madah
        ong with formation of incubators and science and technology parks, by direct support of ministry of Science, Research and Technology, ministry of Industries and Mines, ministry of Industrial Development and Renovation, Governors and etc., decided to develop the incubato More
        ong with formation of incubators and science and technology parks, by direct support of ministry of Science, Research and Technology, ministry of Industries and Mines, ministry of Industrial Development and Renovation, Governors and etc., decided to develop the incubators; this resulted in establishment of more than 40 incubators, with technical fields of activity, in Iran. One of the outstanding subjects regarding these incubators, with more than five years of activity, is that there has not yet been any studies and researches on incubators performance measurement, therefore this makes the judgment on effectiveness of performances quite complicated and difficult. In this paper, we have tried to provide a method which is adaptable with the features of these incubators for management and evaluation of them. The model used in this article is the "Balanced Scorecard"(BSC). By considering and focusing on different aspects of this model which are: Finance, Tenants(customers), Processes for service delivering in incubators and Growth and Development, first the effective indices for performance measurement were specified, then by means of TOPSIS method, a method for incubators -as non-profit governmental organizationsmeasurement was introduced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - The Evaluation Criteria for Tenants of Incubator
        Fazlollah Adib nia Mohammad reza Hoseini
        The main job for incubators is to assist start up businesses become successful and grown companies in order to reach them to a level to pay back the expenses spent for their supports and services. Thus, it is essentially important for each incubator to have good evaluat More
        The main job for incubators is to assist start up businesses become successful and grown companies in order to reach them to a level to pay back the expenses spent for their supports and services. Thus, it is essentially important for each incubator to have good evaluation criteria, to increase success and also to find the best tenants. In this paper, the model for evaluation is presented and quantified according to the three categories of general (with 11 indicators), specialized (10 indicators) and economical criteria (with 6 indicators). The time intervals for evaluations are for 3 years with four quarters yearly. The data used are obtained from selfclaim, in the face to face meetings and also by data collection from different sources. The proper implementation of the data obtained and interaction between the companies will have a key effect on the success of the companies as well as the incubators. The paper summarizes the three year experiences of evaluating IT&ICT incubator tenants in the city of Yazd. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - Investigating and evaluating of different incubators models
        Iman Mohammadian Khorasani Habibollah Asghari
        ncubators assist emerging ventures by providing support services and assistance in developing their business. We map business incubators into four categories: Business Innovation Centers (BICs), University Business Incubators (UBIs), Independent Private Incubators (IPIs More
        ncubators assist emerging ventures by providing support services and assistance in developing their business. We map business incubators into four categories: Business Innovation Centers (BICs), University Business Incubators (UBIs), Independent Private Incubators (IPIs) and Corporate Private Incubators (CPIs). We then argue that the variety of incubating organization is driven by the evolution of companies, requirements and needs, which encourage incubators to differentiate the range of services that they offer. We believe that differences in the way incubators run their business can be described by two main incubating models (model 1 and model 2), providing incubators with useful indications on how to position themselves strategically. We identify a list of incubator "characterizing" variable to highlight the main differences between the four types of incubators and to describe the incubating models. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators Performance Evaluation
        Gholamreza Malekzadeh
        One of the most important and vital factors for establishing a knowledge based economy is making smart infrastructures. It is obvious that continuous evaluation of performance in these infrastructures is a very important factor. Science &Technology parks and Incubators More
        One of the most important and vital factors for establishing a knowledge based economy is making smart infrastructures. It is obvious that continuous evaluation of performance in these infrastructures is a very important factor. Science &Technology parks and Incubators are important infrastructures in these processes and continuous evaluation together with monitoring. For evaluation of S&T parks and Incubators, we need to consider: Initiating and formation cycle, goals, functions and actions, services and performance effects evaluation. In this paper we attempt to introduce some relevant parameters and measuring criteria based on experiments and literature review. Outputs, Added Value and best practices in S&T parks and Incubators are the main bases for introducing performance evaluation measurements. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Technological Synergy: Resources Development model in Developing Countries
        Mausome Madah Bahram Salavati SarCheshmeh
        One of the challenges that most of the governments encounter nowadays, is the category of using the resources for development, in particular, the human resource category. This problem with its multilateral infects, even in industrial and developed countreis, is consider More
        One of the challenges that most of the governments encounter nowadays, is the category of using the resources for development, in particular, the human resource category. This problem with its multilateral infects, even in industrial and developed countreis, is considered as a norm to measure the capabilities of these governments in economical development and an index for specifying social management power. By considering the high amount of humaresource and the specific socio-economical situations in recent years in developing countries, especially Iran, this subject has been chosen as a considerable topic. Now, by considering the need towards job creation and using the humaresource, the trends and solutions suggested are of great importance. This arthicle is an effort, made to develop a specific point of view and approach under the topic of “Technological Synergy” with the objective of designing and expanding the development and composition of resources in develpoing countries. In this method two resources of investment -venture capital and Incubator- are used to describe the above mentioned model. This trend has been described in the three following sectors: Section one is included of concepts, selecting and clarifying the chosen approach along with the use and composition of resources. Section two is included of concepts and characteristics of incubators and VCs as the resources used in the model, and finally in part three as a conclusion the ways of interraction and technologyical synergy model of incubators and VCs has been reviewed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - Quality Management by Technology Incubators
        Mohammad Saleh Oliua
        Abstract not found
        Abstract not found Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - Designing the Business Model for Virtual Incubator in Iran
        Amir Maniyan Maryam Khodadad Barmi Ayob Mohamadian
        Business incubator is economic development tools that provide a set of business support resources and services for accelerate to growth and success of entrepreneurial companies. Today, advancement of the internet and moving the businesses toward cyberspace set up a virt More
        Business incubator is economic development tools that provide a set of business support resources and services for accelerate to growth and success of entrepreneurial companies. Today, advancement of the internet and moving the businesses toward cyberspace set up a virtual incubator can be very important, So in other countries are considered. In order of increasing competition firms in various industries and Existing dynamics in business environments, designing the business model can be introduction for starting a successful business. According to this, Attention to business model for virtual business incubators is important. This paper is designing the business model for virtual business incubator in Iran. This design is done by study of related literature, interviews with experts and benchmarking results of several successful virtual business incubators in the world. Currently, there are many models to identify the components of business model and their relationship but Osterwalder 9 element model is known as the most popular and most perfect version. In this paper, the ontology Osterwalder is used in order to designing the business model for virtual business incubator. This design can be efficient step to starting the operational of this national project and can be followed productivity, Enhancing organizational performance and profitability Manuscript profile
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        24 - A Study on the Role of Government in Improving the Process of Launch and Development of Knowledge-based Businesses
        Najmeh Akbarzadeh Ehsan Shafiezadeh
        In the “knowledge-based businesses” research field, few applied studies have been conducted. Meanwhile, by identifying the critical success factors in starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses, we can recognize necessary contexts for these targets and ta More
        In the “knowledge-based businesses” research field, few applied studies have been conducted. Meanwhile, by identifying the critical success factors in starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses, we can recognize necessary contexts for these targets and take steps toward implementing it. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research is identifying and prioritizing the keyactivities to be carried out by government in order to improve the process of starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses. The method of this study in terms of purpose is applied research, and in terms of data gathering method is descriptive survey. The target population of current study included all knowledge-based corporations deployed in incubators and science & technology parks of universities in Tehran. To gathering required data for this research, the questionnaire has been used. Chi-squared test is used to data analysis, and Friedman’s analysis of variance is applied to ranking parameters. The results of this study revealed that improving the process of starting-up and development of knowledge-based businesses is possible throughgovernment’s some key activities which “financial supports of government” is placed on top of them. Hence, it can be said that the government should start broad efforts in this regard, and this issue should be considered by relevant government authorities. At the end, the recommendations based on the research results are presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business (Case Study: Tabarestan Technology Incubator)
        mohammad mehdi mardanshahi
        Today, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of More
        Today, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of information and communication technology in business development has become more evident. Therefore the purpose of this study was to Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business.This research is descriptive-survey based on the method of doing and in terms of target, is functional. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and also its reliability was reported 0/793 (the Cronbach's alpha). The population of this study included 24 managers of Agricultural Knowledge-Based business, based at Tabarestan Technology Incubator. They were selected by Census method. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: a description and analysis was performed using the SPSS21 software. The results showed that Infrastructure factor is the most important component in the development of Information and Communication Technology. The Computers and Internet are the most important of Infrastructure factor and they have a fundamental role in developing business, especially agricultural knowledge-based businesses. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Influencing Factors on the Development of Incubators of University Technology Units (Case Study: Incubator of Technology Units in Guilan University)
        Roozbeh Habibi Zahra Asghari Kamran Jafari
        Today, incubators play a very important role in the economic and industrial development of developed and developing countries. Incubators are designed to support educated entrepreneurs and provide the growth opportunities for new companies by providing them general faci More
        Today, incubators play a very important role in the economic and industrial development of developed and developing countries. Incubators are designed to support educated entrepreneurs and provide the growth opportunities for new companies by providing them general facilities. Identifying and studying the various factors that are affecting the development of entrepreneurship and incubators can be effective in policy making for the promotion of entrepreneurial activities. The present study sought to identify the factors affecting the development of incubators, identifying 36 factors and categorizing them in six categories containing company general characteristics, manpower characteristics, infrastructures, market and competition, financial affairs and environmental factors. The statistical population of the study consists of 6 experts from the incubator of Technology Units of the University of Guilan. Prioritizing 36 factors using the analytic network process methodology indicates that five factors: supporting mechanisms (government and university), the existence of experienced consulting teams, organizational structure of companies based in incubators, the field of activity of these companies and their age have the highest priorities than other factors, in other words, they have the greatest impact on the development of incubators. Of course, given that the prioritization of these factors has been used by experts in the incubator of Technology Units of the University of Guilan, it can not be fully generalized to other Centers. Manuscript profile
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        27 - The Participation of Humanities Universities in Cycle of Theorizing And the Role of Humanities Incubators
        mohammad hassan hassani
        Considering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory i More
        Considering the Theorizing as an indicator for generating the knowledge of academic institutions, the participation of universities in the field of humanism in scientific development and theorization is of particular importance. The practical efficiency of the theory is conditioned on the operation of the generated knowledge and its movement from the step of analogical reasoning (normative theory) to the inductive argument (the descriptive theory) in the theoretical cycle. Thus, the Test theory in the inductive argument can be considered as the main mission of the Humanities University. In this cycle, the observed anomalies lead to the production of knowledge and theorizing and access to the authority of the Humanities University. In order to move the knowledge cycle from theory to reality and transforming knowledge into a theoretical cycle, from the deductive reasoning (normative theory) to inductive reasoning (descriptive theory), there is a need for universities to target the universities in order to participate in various missions that can identify and explain these abnormalities. This means that in the knowledge production cycle all universities have the same importance in scientific development. Given the intrinsic nature of Humanities Universities in direct relation with society, the establishment of Humanities Incubator can lead to direct association of university professors with the community and create the production of indigenous knowledge of humanities. In fact, these centers can connect with various cultural institutions of the society along the lines of indigenous patterns through the establishment of a business in the field of humanism through the use of professors from the university of humanities and other universities. Such a structure, by removing obstacles to the development of higher education system, will define the ecosystem of education in Humanities Universities, which will be the basis of the theoretization based on indigenous knowledge in the country. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Designing and Implementing of Technology Companies Performance Evaluation Model (Case Study of Technology Companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park)
        Ali  Haji Gholam Saryazdi
        Science and technology parks are institutions supporting technology companies. The performance evaluation of technology companies will help them to improve their performance and make the park supportive services more effective and helpful. Performance evaluation is one More
        Science and technology parks are institutions supporting technology companies. The performance evaluation of technology companies will help them to improve their performance and make the park supportive services more effective and helpful. Performance evaluation is one of the most important priorities of Yazd Science and Technology Park. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to design and explain a performance evaluation model of technology companies in this Park and analyze the results of its implementation. The evaluation model of Park is based on various performance evaluation models and theories, as well as through brainstorming with park managers and technology companies. This model evaluates the technology companies in four areas: nature of the company, structure and human resources, main idea and technology, and market. The evaluation process is designed according to both quantitative (documents and non-confrontational??) and qualitative (face to - face interviews) indicators. Then, based on this model, information of technology companies are collected and analyzed by an evaluation system. The results of evaluation showed that although the status of companies is far from the park's expectations and goals, it is acceptable in comparison with the community (province and the average of country) in terms of the value-added of manpower and the cost of employment. Also, the analysis of the results represented the validity and comprehensiveness of the model in assessing technology companies. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Extracting the Performance Indicators Based on BSC Model for SMEs Residing in Technology Incubators
        Iman Shariat Reza Ghanbari Seyed Mousa Siadati Saed Sedigh
        Science and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the c More
        Science and Technology Parks (STPs) and incubators, as major contributors to the economic development of the regional business enterprises, are committed to provide targeted support for entrepreneurs, improve manufacturing efficiency, and create economic growth in the community. In order to improve the impact of these supports, STPs and incubators periodically evaluate the activities of residents and, after identifying strengths and weaknesses, provide services tailored to each company's needs. However, it is worthy to ask, what indicators should the evaluation system include that can reflect a true and more comprehensive picture of the company's condition with presenting the company's core needs to the incubator manager? Therefore, in this research some general models of performance evaluation have been reviewed, and because of the benefits of BSC model, especially its compatibility to manufacturing SMEs, this system has been used for the principle of the current study. Then, based on 17 years experience of Khorasan Science and Technology Park in unlocking the region's manufacturing potential, and the opinions of experts in other incubators in the country and around the world, 104 critical indicators have been identified in evaluating the manufacturing SMEs. These indicators also were ranked using U Mann Whitney and Friedman statistical tests. The results showed that the "customer and market" is more important than the other three perspectives in BSC model, and "Market research" and "CEO capability and expertise" are the most important indicators and sub-indicators, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Identification of the Challenges of Technology Development of Network Contexts in University of Tehran Incubators
        Mahdi Rezvanitabar Siamak Eslami
        Technology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acce More
        Technology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acceleration of business for a permanent presence in the market. Fewer research can be found addressing incubators in technology development. This research identified the challenges of technology development of university incubators. This survey was applicable, and in terms of controlling variables, indirect, random and descriptive in matter exploration of library and filed in data collection, and in terms of nature, descriptive. In terms of data type, it was a qualitative type of exploration and in terms of how to collect data was field research and library research. Books, publications, internet resources, and valid databases using library studies, documentary studies, interviews and field research were used for collecting data. The result of this section was to identify the dimensions of the challenges of technology development in the university incubators. In this research, a semi-structured interview with experts is presented to identify the issues. Qualitative data analyzing has been done using (Atlas-ti®) software. All interviews are recorded, transcript-ed to word software and assigned in Atlas-ti® software. The result of coding and categorizing, including 4 categories and 16 main codes, states technology development challenges related to networking contexts. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators in Iran: Review
        Mahdieh Rezaeisadrabadi
        Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilita More
        Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge by employing alumni population and accelerate the movement towards knowledge-based economic growth. On the other hand, the possibility of international communication between STPs and TBIs provides a favorable situation for scientific & technological cooperation between them and other similar centers and technology companies. Therefore, providing a comprehensive national picture of the overall situation of the STPs and TBIs in line with the policy making of technology in Islamic Republic of IRAN is important. According to the data collected until the end of July 2018, there are currently 36 STP and 83 TBI under non-STP organizations across five national regions. In this paper, the data collection was carried out via a questionnaire in partnership with the Rooyesh ICT Incubator and the Ministry of Science, research and Technology (MSRT). This study, tries to analyze various aspects of the situation of STPs and TBIs in Iran based on the qualitative standards of the reports published by International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP). Manuscript profile